Measuring changes of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is important to many fields of medicine. Flow cytometry is a popular technique to study the TCR repertoire, as it quickly provides insight into the TCR-Vβ usage among well-defined populations of T cells. However, the interpretation of the flow cytometric data remains difficult, and subtle TCR repertoire changes may go undetected. Here, w...

This study investigates the potential of object-based texture parameters extracted from 15m spatial resolution ASTER imagery for estimating tree size diversity in a Mediterranean forested landscape in Turkey. Tree size diversity based on tree basal area was determined using the Shannon index and Gini Coefficient at the sampling plot level. Image texture parameters were calculated based on the g...

This paper calculates the distribution of an adjusted measure of income that deducts damages due to exposure to air pollution from reported market income in the United States from 2011 to 2014. The Gini coefficient for this measure of adjusted income is 0.682 in 2011, as compared to 0.482 for market income. By 2014, we estimate that the Gini for adjusted income fell to 0.646, while the market i...

Since Soltow (1960) first addressed the question of the Gini coefficient decomposition by population subgroups (hereinafter referred to as decomposition), there are more than a dozen different decompositions available in the literature. Whether the Gini coefficient is decomposable and, furthermore, whether the decomposition practices are arbitrary are debated in the literature, since there is n...

This study analyzed the spatial distribution of dengue in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2006, and associations between the incidence per 100,000 inhabitants and socio-environmental variables. The study analyzed reported dengue cases among the city's inhabitants, rainfall, Breteau index (for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus), Gini index, and social development index. We conducted mapping and used...

The Gini gain is one of the most common variable selection criteria in machine learning. We derive the exact distribution of the maximally selected Gini gain in the context of binary classification using continuous predictors by means of a combinatorial approach. This distribution provides a formal support for variable selection bias in favor of variables with a high amount of missing values wh...

Background: Timely access to cardiovascular health services is necessary to prevent heart damages. The present study examined inequality in geographical distribution of cardiovascular health services in Iran.   Methods: Present study is a cross-sectional study conducted using demographic data from all Iranian provinces (31 provinces) from 2012 census by the Statistics Center of Iran (SC...

Recent advances in geographic information systems software and multilevel methodology provide opportunities for more extensive characterization of "at-risk" populations in epidemiologic studies. The authors used age-restricted, geocoded data from the all-African-American Jackson Heart Study (JHS), 2000-2004, to demonstrate a novel use of the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient to determine the re...

The Gini index and the Gini mean di erence of a univariate distribution are extended to measure the disparity of a general d-variate distribution. We propose and investigate two approaches, one based on the distance of the distribution from itself, the other on the volume of a convex set in (d + 1)space, named the lift zonoid of the distribution. When d = 1, this volume equals the area between ...

The Gini index represents a special case of the generalized Gini indices, which permit to choose a level of inequality aversion and to stress the different proportions of the income distribution. In order to apply these indices to income sample data, it is necessary to use reliable inferential procedures. In fact, also if often in income studies we have large samples for which the precision of ...