In this paper, we present a multi-frontal direct solver for one-dimensional isogeometric finite element method. The solver implementation is based on the graph grammar (GG) model. The GG model allows us to express the entire solver algorithm, including generation of frontal matrices, merging, and eliminations as a set of basic undividable tasks called graph grammar productions. Having the solve...

This study aimed at estimating total forest above-ground net change (ΔAGB; Gg) over five years (2014–2019) based on model-assisted estimation utilizing freely available satellite imagery. The was conducted for a boreal area (approx. 1.4 Mha) in Norway where bi-temporal national inventory (NFI), Sentinel-2, and Landsat data were available. Biomass modelled direct approach. precision of estimates...

We are given a uniformly elliptic coefficient field that we regard as realization of stationary and finite-range ensemble fields. Given right-hand side supported in ball size $$\ell \gg 1$$ vanishing average, interested an algorithm to compute the solution near origin, just using knowledge some large box $$L\gg \ell $$ . More precisely, most seamless artificial boundary condition on computati...

It is generally believed that reflex recruitment of pharyngeal dilator muscles is insufficient to open the airway of obstructive apnea (OSA) patients once it is closed and, therefore, that arousal is required. Yet arousal promotes recurrence of obstruction. There is no information about how much dilator [genioglossus (GG)] activation is required to open the airway (GG Opening Threshold) or abou...

Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV; Gallid herpesvirus 1) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes acute respiratory disease in chickens. The role of glycoprotein G (gG) in vitro has been investigated in a number of alphaherpesviruses, but the relevance of gG in vivo in the pathogenicity of ILTV or in other alphaherpesviruses is unknown. In this study, gG-deficient mutants of ILTV were generate...

The alphaherpesvirus Us4 gene encodes glycoprotein G (gG), which is conserved in most viruses of the alphaherpesvirus subfamily. In the swine pathogen pseudorabies virus (PRV), mutant viruses with internal deletions and insertions in the gG gene have shown no discernible phenotypes. We report that insertions in the gG locus of the attenuated PRV strain Bartha show reduced virulence in vivo and ...

The aim of the study was to evaluate possibility utilizing ultrasonic pasteurization as an alternative method standard technique used for ice cream mixes. In addition, replacing commercial stabilizers (guar gum (GG) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)) with arrowroot assessed. evaluation involved analysis its chemical composition physical properties, including X-ray diffraction microstructure anal...

This paper presents a novel architecture of SOM which organizes itself over time. The proposed method called MIGSOM (Multilevel Interior Growing Self-Organizing Maps) which is generated by a growth process. However, the network is a rectangular structure which adds nodes from the boundary as well as the interior of the network. The interior nodes will be added in a superior level of the map. Co...