Choriocarcinoma and placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) are rare varieties of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). PSTT alone constitutes about 1-2% of all trophoblastic tumors, which presents at early reproductive age and the serum beta-hCG level is much lower than choriocarcinoma. This tumor usually invades the myometrium and its depth of penetration is a prognostic factor. The firs...

Background: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a general term that includes several types of pathologically different diseases, which range from hydatidiform mole to choriocarcinoma. Early differentiation these important determine treatment strategy and prognosis. Objectives: Genetic markers such as TP53 HER-2/neu expression are recently shown have diagnostic prognostic values. The aim ...

Gestational trophoblastic disease is rarely associated with nephrotic syndrome. The most common renal complication in pregnant females is pre-eclamptic hypertensive nephropathy. Most cases have not been biopsied and thus the specific nature of renal involvement could not be ascertained. Only a few case reports exist in which gestational trophoblastic disease associated with nephrotic syndrome h...

UNLABELLED Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive method for evaluating vascularization and is widely used in clinical practice. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia includes a group of highly vascularized malignancies derived from placental cells. This review summarizes data found in the literature regarding the applications of Doppler ultrasound in managing patients with gestational trophoblasti...

While complete molar pregnancies are rare, they are wrought with a host of potential complications to include invasive gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Persistent gestational trophoblastic disease following molar pregnancy is a potentially fatal complication that must be recognized early and treated aggressively for both immediate and long-term recovery. We present the case of a 21-year-old...

In partial molar pregnancies, the trophoblast cells have three sets of chromosomes (triploid). Two sperm are believed to fertilise the ovum at the same time, leading to one set of maternal and two sets of paternal chromosomes. Around 10% of partial moles are tetraploid or mosaic in nature. There is usually evidence of fetal tissue or fetal blood cells in a partial molar pregnancy. An embryo may...

OBJECTIVE To provide standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hydatidiform mole and gestational trophoblastic tumours (GTT). OPTIONS Prognostic factors useful for treatment decisions in GTT are defined with patients classified as low-, medium-, and high-risk groups. OUTCOMES Improved mortality and morbidity. EVIDENCE Evidence was gathered using Medline for relevant studi...

Patients diagnosed with molar pregnancy are treated by either suction curettage or hysterectomy, depending on their desire to preserve fertility. We use single-agent chemotherapy, preferably methotrexate, to treat low- or moderate-risk persistent trophoblastic tumors. High-risk patients who have metastatic disease are treated primarily with combination chemotherapy and, as indicated, adjuvant r...

Vaginal bleeding 187 (81.3) 297 (97.1) 0.001 Anemia 32 (13.9) 165 (53.9) 0.001 Uterine size larger than date 78 (33.9) 156 (51.0) 0.001 Hyperemesis 69 (30.0) 80 (26.1) 0.847 Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) comprises a spectrum of tumors with benign or malignant potential, including hydatidiform mole, invasivemole, choriocarcinoma, and placental site trophoblastic tumor. Hydatidiform mol...