Six compounds known to be photo-genotoxic were assayed with the photo-irradiated 96-well umu test system using the original Salmonella strain TA1535/pSK1002 as well as the newly developed strains NM8001 and NM8021. The latter two strains were obtained by introducing the pSK1002 plasmid into strains YG3001 and YG3021. These strains are highly sensitive to oxidative DNA damage owing to the deleti...

Data on the mechanism of antimony genotoxicity is scarce. Arsenic and antimony are proposed to share some toxicological features. Thus comparative and combined experiments with As(III) and Sb(III) were performed to gain a deeper knowledge of the mechanism of antimony genotoxicity. Trivalent arsenic proved to be five times more cytotoxic and one order of magnitude more potent in induction of mic...

Many studies have revealed the presence of compounds with genotoxic activity in drinking water by means of short-term mutagenicity tests. In this study, the influence of the different steps of surface water treatment on the mutagenicity of drinking water was evaluated. Four different types of samples were collected: raw lake water, water after pre-disinfection with chlorine dioxide, water after...

A review of the literature published on the genotoxicity of soil is presented in this report. Subheadings of the report include outlines of genotoxicity assays that have been used to examine the soil samples and methods commonly used to prepare soil samples for genotoxicity assay, and a review of the genotoxicity of soil. Soil has been grouped according to potential sources of pollution, e.g. i...

Implications of not detecting non-genotoxic carcinogens in the absence of carcinogenicity tests under REACH guidelines Research performed by the RIVM has demonstrated that the European legislation does not comply with a specific small group of carcinogens, the so-called non-genotoxic carcinogens, which induce cancer via a mechanism other than the introduction of DNA damage. In view of these fin...

The present study concerns the genotoxicity of olive mill waste water (OMWW) generated in mills producing olive oil in Morocco. The Vicia faba micronucleus test was used to evaluate the genotoxicity of OMWW and the six major phenolic compounds identified by HPLC in this effluent. Five dilutions of OMWW were tested: 0.1, 1, 5, 10 and 20%. Maleic hydrazide was used as a positive control. The resu...

OBJECTIVES The potential applications and industrial production of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have raised serious concerns about their safety for human health and the environment. The present study was designed to examine the in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of MWCNT and UICC chrysotile A (chrysotile). METHODS Cytotoxicity using both colony formation and lactate dehydrogenase (...

Though microbially safe, concerns have been raised about the genotoxic/mutagenic quality of solar-disinfected drinking water, which might be compromised as a result of photodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles used as SODIS reactors. This study assessed genotoxic risk associated with the possible release of genotoxic compounds into water from PET bottles during SODIS, using t...

Glyphosate is noted for being non-toxic in fishes, birds and mammals (including humans). Nevertheless, the degree of genotoxicity is seriously controversial. In this work, various concentrations of a glyphosate isopropylamine salt were tested using two methods of genotoxicity assaying, viz., the pink mutation assay with Tradescantia (4430) and the comet assay with nuclei from staminal cells of ...

Safety assessments of substances with regard to genotoxicity are generally based on a combination of in vitro and in vivo tests. These tests are performed according to a (tiered) test strategy whereby a positive result in vitro usually triggers further testing in vivo. A low specificity and high frequency of irrelevant positive results associated with most in vitro mammalian cell genotoxicity a...