The term "ASIA-Autoimmune/inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants" describes an umbrella of clinical conditions sharing similar signs or symptoms, including post-vaccination phenomena. No information is available on the epidemiology of the ASIA syndrome, especially following HPV vaccination. We carried out an analysis of the VAERS database to retrieve all cases of suspected ASIA syndrome acc...

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) consists of a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by an arrest in T lymphocyte development which is variably associated with an abnormal differentiation of B and NK cells. In order to depict the clinical state of Iranian patients with SCID, records of forty patients were reviewed. Patients were classified based on the flow cytometry dat...

Rift Valley fever Virus (RVFV), a negative-stranded RNA virus, is the etiological agent of the vector-borne zoonotic disease, Rift Valley fever (RVF). In both humans and livestock, protective immunity can be achieved through vaccination. Earlier and more recent vaccine trials in cattle and sheep demonstrated a strong neutralizing antibody and total IgG response induced by the RVF vaccine, authe...

Adaptive immune responses in humans rely on somatic genetic rearrangements of Ig and T-cell receptor loci to generate diverse antigen receptors. It is unclear to what extent an individual's genetic background affects the characteristics of the antibody repertoire used in responding to vaccination or infection. We studied the B-cell repertoires and clonal expansions in response to attenuated var...

Influenza virus M2 extracellular domain (M2e) has been a target for developing cross-protective vaccines. However, the efficacy and immune correlates of M2e vaccination are poorly understood in the different host genetic backgrounds in comparison with influenza vaccines. We previously reported the cross-protective efficacy of virus-like particle (M2e5x VLP) vaccines containing heterologous tand...

In recent years, optimization in dynamic environments has attracted a growing interest from the genetic algorithm community due to the importance and practicability in real world applications. This paper proposes a new genetic algorithm, based on the inspiration from biological immune systems, to address dynamic traveling salesman problems. Within the proposed algorithm, a permutation-based dua...

The antigenic evolution of influenza A (H3N2) virus was quantified and visualized from its introduction into humans in 1968 to 2003. Although there was remarkable correspondence between antigenic and genetic evolution, significant differences were observed: Antigenic evolution was more punctuated than genetic evolution, and genetic change sometimes had a disproportionately large antigenic effec...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Generally, prevention of infections by vaccination is the least invasive and most cost-effective approach to reduce the incidence of infections and the morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients. Genetic diversity and different liver disease among patients contributes to variability in immune responses to vaccines and pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate immuni...

BACKGROUND In 2002, a poster alerted the French health authorities to the possibility that the risk of childhood leukaemia might be increased by hepatitis B vaccination. Elucidating the role of vaccination in the aetiology of childhood acute leukaemia (AL) was therefore included in the objectives of an ongoing national study. METHODS The ESCALE study was a French national population-based cas...

Herd immunity can potentially induce a change of circulating viruses. However, it remains largely unknown that how bacterial pathogens adapt to vaccination. In this study, Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, was selected as an example to explore possible effect of vaccination on the bacterial pathogen. We sequenced and analysed the complete genomes of 40 B. pertussis st...