Cells may be damaged by many factors such as life style, chemical exposure, radiation exposure, etc,. Most cells are capable of repairing damage including damage to the genetic material if given enough time (rate of exposure). But major damage might not be repaired and may result in cell death. Ability to repair damaged cells may depend on the type of chemicals produced by radiation in the cell...

Many pathogenic yeast species are asexual and therefore not involved in intra- or interspecies mating. However, high-frequency transfer of plasmid DNA was observed when pathogenic and food-borne yeasts were grown together. This property could play a crucial role in the spread of virulence and drug resistance factors among yeasts.

Tissue grafting includes applications ranging from plant breeding to animal organ transplantation. Donor and recipient are generally believed to maintain their genetic integrity, in that the grafted tissues are joined but their genetic materials do not mix. We grafted tobacco plants from two transgenic lines carrying different marker and reporter genes in different cellular compartments, the nu...

Ionizing radiation is the most powerful mutagen in environmental and working conditions. The result of genotoxic effect of radiation is the development of chromosome aberrations. The structural chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes are dicentric, ring, acentric fragment. The observation of chromosome aberration frequency in lymphocyte karyotype is the conclusive method to asses...

Determining the unknown material parameters of intact ventricular myocardium can be challenging due to highly nonlinear material behavior. Previous studies combining a gradient-search optimization procedure with finite element analysis (FEA) were limited to two-dimensional (2D) models or simplified three-dimensional (3D) geometries. Here we present a novel scheme to estimate unknown material pa...

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a rapid scientific method for generating a 106-107fold increase in the number of copies of discrete DNA or RNA sequences (Boehm,1989; Imboden et al,1993). The use of PCR technology has greatly increased the ability to study on genetic material. PCR is a rapid and reliable molecular biology technique that allows quick replication of mainly DNA, the starting...

the study of genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships is essential for the efficient selection of superior plant material and conducting introgression breeding programs. in iran, despite the wide geographical distribution of grasses no report is available on the genetic diversity and relationships of cool season grass populations. in this study amplified fragment length polymorphism (af...

The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, referred to as the Plant Treaty, was approved on 3 November 2001 by Members of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), headquartered in Rome, Italy. The FAO is an agency of the United Nations, headquartered in New York City, New York. The Plant Treaty established international standards for the conservation and e...

The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, referred to as the Plant Treaty, was approved on 3 November 2001 by Members of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), headquartered in Rome, Italy. The FAO is an agency of the United Nations, headquartered in New York City, New York. The Plant Treaty established international standards for the conservation and e...