INTRODUCTION This study aims to provide a landscape of the global antiretroviral (ARV) market by analyzing the transactional data on donor-funded ARV procurement between 2003 and 2015, and the ARV price determinants. DESIGN The data were obtained from the Global Price Reporting Mechanism (GPRM) managed by the AIDS Medicines and Diagnostics Service of the WHO, and it consists of information th...

For decades, policies regarding generic medicines have sought to provide patients with economical access to safe and effective drugs, while encouraging the development of new therapies. This balance is becoming more challenging for physicians and regulators as biologics and non-biological complex drugs (NBCDs) such as glatiramer acetate demonstrate remarkable efficacy, because generics for thes...

Malaysia is reliant on the availability of generic medicines to contain the rising national pharmaceutical expenditure. This paper assesses the factors determining the market entry of a new generic medicine following patent expiration on the innovator product in Malaysia. Data were gathered by using mail survey approach. The prevalidated Likert-scale questionnaire was mailed to all licensed mem...

OBJECTIVES To analyze the impacts of pharmaceutical sector policies implemented to contain country spending during the economic recession--a reference price system in Finland and a mix of policies including changes in reimbursement rates, a generic promotion campaign and discounts granted to the public payer in Portugal - on utilization of, as a proxy for access to, antipsychotic medicines. M...

Background: Plasma medicine is an innovative and emerging field used in a broad range of medical conditions. Objective: The present study focused on consumption, documentation pattern and traceability of plasma-derived medicines in a teaching and referral hospital. Method: A two-step study was conducted from October to December 2015. During the first phase, the patient records receiving plasm...

Background: Plasma medicine is an innovative and emerging field used in a broad range of medical conditions. Objective: The present study focused on consumption, documentation pattern and traceability of plasma-derived medicines in a teaching and referral hospital. Method: A two-step study was conducted from October to December 2015. During the first phase, the patient records receiving plasm...

Medicines constitute a substantial proportion of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses in Indian households. In order to address this issue, the Government of India launched the Jan Aushadhi (Medicine for the Masses) Scheme (JAS) to provide cheap generic medicines to the patients (http://janaushadhi.gov.in/about_jan_aushadhi.html). These medicines are provided through the Jan Aushadhi stores established...

OBJECTIVE The threat of non-communicable diseases ("NCDs") is increasingly becoming a global health crisis and are pervasive in high, middle, and low-income populations resulting in an estimated 36 million deaths per year. There is a need to assess intellectual property rights ("IPRs") that may impede generic production and availability and affordability to essential NCD medicines. METHODS Us...

BACKGROUND Generic medicines are essential to controlling health expenditures. Their market share is still small in France. The discourse and practices of prescribers may play a major role in their use. The purpose of this study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices of general practitioners (GPs) toward generic medicines in two French regions with the lowest penetration rate of ...