BACKGROUND Adenocarcinoma of the lung, once considered minimally related to cigarette smoking, has become the most common type of lung cancer in the United States. The increased incidence of this cancer might be explained by advances in diagnostic technology (i.e., increased ability to perform biopsies on tumors in smaller, more distal airways), changes in cigarette design (e.g., the adoption o...

Interest in generational diversity has exploded since the turn of the 21st century. While many researchers are supportive of the concept of generations, a growing number have questioned the validity of the idea that people are different according to when they were born. In this article, we review recent work in the area and build on our own previous studies; which have been highly critical of e...

Today's workplace often includes workers from 4 distinct generations, and each generation brings a unique set of core values and characteristics to an organization. These generational differences can produce benefits, such as improved patient care, as well as challenges, such as conflict among employees. This article reviews current research on generational differences in educational settings a...

From a critical analysis of Howe and Strauss (2000; 2003) theory of recurrent cycles of generations in History, we intend to extract useful Advertising principles that can be applied when aiming at Millennials as consumers. Noting that the notion of “generational trait” resembles the empirically validated concept of “cohort effect”, we find Howe and Strauss ideas to be very compelling, and usef...

This article describes the similarities between learning classifier systems (LCSs) and coevolutionary algorithm, and exploits these similarities by taking ideas used by LCSs to design a non-generational coevolutionary algorithm that incrementally estimates fitness of individuals. The algorithm solves some of the problems known to exist in coevolutionary algorithms: it does not loose gradient an...

illuminating account of the "generational family" prevalent in Middle European peasant society in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, in which unlike England households typically comprised three generations living together, often under the same roof. The authors carefully distinguish this generational family from the largely mythological "stem family", and show its rootedness in the largel...

Citation: Ruden DM, Gurdziel K and Aschner M (2017) Frontiers in Toxicogenomics in the Twenty-First Century—the Grand Challenge: To Understand How the Genome and Epigenome Interact with the Toxic Environment at the Single-Cell, Whole-Organism, and Multi-Generational Level. Front. Genet. 8:173. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00173 Frontiers in Toxicogenomics in the Twenty-First Century—the Grand Challe...