In this paper we consider some algebraic structures associated to a class of outer automorphisms of generalized Kac-Moody (GKM) algebras. These structures have recently been introduced in [2] for a smaller class of outer automorphisms in the case of ordinary Kac-Moody algebras with symmetrizable Cartan matrices. A GKM algebra G = G(A) is essentially described by its Cartan matrix, A = (aij)i,j∈...

The generalized Mordell-Lang conjecture (GML) is the statement that the irreducible components of the Zariski closure of a subset of a group of finite rank inside a semi-abelian variety are translates of closed algebraic subgroups. In [6], M. McQuillan gave a proof of this statement. We revisit his proof, indicating some simplifications. This text contains a complete elementary proof of the fac...

In these introductory lectures we discuss classes of presently known nested sums, associated iterated integrals, and special constants which hierarchically appear in the evaluation of massless and massive Feynman diagrams at higher loops. These quantities are elements of stuffle and shuffle algebras implying algebraic relations being widely independent of the special quantities considered. They...

In this paper, the notion of fuzzy n-polygroups (Fn -polygroups) is introduced and some related properties are investigated. In this regards, the concepts of normal  F-subpolygroups and homomorphisms of Fn-polygroups are adopted. Also, the quotient of Fn-polygroups by defining regular relations are studied. Finally, the classical isomorphism theorems of groups are generalized to Fn-polygroups p...

Based on Läuter’s (Biometrics, 1996) exact t test for biometrical studies related to the multivariate normal mean, we develop a generalized F -test for the multivariate normal mean and extend it to multiple comparison. The proposed generalized F tests have simple approximate null distributions. A Monte Carlo study and two real examples show that the generalized F -test is at least as good as th...

There exists a calculus for general nondifferentiable functions that englobes a large part of the familiar subdifferential calculus for convex nondifferentiable functions [1]. This development started with F.H. Clarke, who introduced a generalized gradient for functions that are locally Lipschitz, but (possibly) nondifferentiable. Generalized gradients turn out to be the subdifferentials, in th...

We present sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions of second-order two-point boundary value and fractional order functional differential equation problems in a space where self distance is not necessarily zero. For this, first we introduce a Ciric type generalized F-contraction and F- Suzuki contraction in a metric-like space and give relevance to fixed point results. To illustrate...

By a generalized arc we mean a continuum with exactly two non-separating points; an arc is a metrizable generalized arc. It is well known that any two arcs are homeomorphic (to the real closed unit interval); we show that any two generalized arcs are co-elementarily equivalent, and that co-elementary images of generalized arcs are generalized arcs. We also show that if f : X → Y is a function b...