The expression of mRNAs for the glial glutamate transporters, GLT-1 and GLAST, in the rat brain accompanied with morphine dependence and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal was investigated by Northern blot analysis. The expression of GLT-1 mRNA was significantly decreased in the striatum and thalamus of morphine-dependent rats, and significantly increased in the striatum 2 h after the naloxone-pr...

Little is known about the effects of the development of type 2 diabetes on glutamate homeostasis in the spinal cord. Therefore, we quantified the extracellular levels of glutamate in the spinal cord of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats using in vivo microdialysis. In addition, protein levels of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) in the spinal cord of ZDF rats were measured using Western blot. Final...

The L-glutamate transporter GLT-1 is an abundant central nervous system (CNS) membrane protein of the excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) family that controls extracellular L-glutamate levels and is important in limiting excitotoxic neuronal death. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we have determined that four mRNAs encoding GLT-1 exist in mouse brain, with the potenti...

Skeletal muscle and adipose tissues play important roles in maintaining whole-body Glu and N homeostasis by the uptake of Glu and release of Gln. To test the hypothesis that expression of highaffinity Glu transporters (GLAST1, EAAT4, EAAC1, GLT-1) and glutamine synthetase (GS) would increase in longissimus dorsi and adipose tissue of newborn Angus steers randomly assigned (n = 6) to develop thr...

It has been suggested that reduced astrocytic uptake of neuronally released glutamate contributes to the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure. In order to further address this issue, the recently cloned and sequenced astrocytic glutamate transporter GLT-1 was studied in brain preparations from rats with ischemic liver failure induced by portacaval anastomosis followed 2...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Astrocytic glutamate transporter protein, GLT-1 (EAAT2), recovers extracellular glutamate and ensures that neurons are protected from excess stimulation. Recently, beta-lactam antibiotics, like ceftriaxone (CTX), were reported to induce the upregulation of GLT-1. Here, we investigated ischemic tolerance induction by CTX in an experimental model of focal cerebral ischemia....

A body of evidence supports that excitatory amino acid systems, particularly glutamatergic one, participate in morphine dependence and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. In this study, we examined the involvement of glial glutamate transporters, GLT-1 and GLAST, in them. Rats were rendered morphine-dependent by subcutaneous implantation of two 75 mg morphine pellets for 5 days. Intracerebroventr...

Dysfunction of glutamate transporters has been proposed to promote neuronal death in modelled cerebral ischemia. However, these studies have produced conflicting results and the changes in glutamate transporter expression have not yet been examined in a mouse focal ischemic stroke model. This study used quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to examine glutamate ...

Excitotoxicity has been implicated in the retinal neuronal loss in several ocular pathologies including glaucoma. Dysfunction of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters is often a key component of the cascade leading to excitotoxic cell death. In the retina, glutamate transport is mainly operated by the glial glutamate transporter GLAST and the neuronal transporter GLT-1. In this study we evaluated ...

Ginsenoside Rd (Rd), one of the main active ingredients in Panax ginseng, has been showed to protect against ischemic cerebral damage both in vitro and in vivo. However, the underlying mechanism of Rd is largely unknown. Excessive extracellular glutamate causes excitatory toxicity, leading to cell death, and neurodegenerative processes after brain ischemia. The clearance of extracellular glutam...