Abstract Background In biological cells, promoters drive gene expression by specific binding of RNA polymerase. They determine the starting position, timing and level expression. Therefore, rational fine-tuning to regulate levels target genes for optimizing biosynthetic pathways in metabolic engineering has recently become an active area research. Results this study, we systematically detected ...

A metagenomic library was constructed from the anaerobic sediments of a mesophilic sulfur spring. Thirty-five bacterial 16S rRNA gene-containing clones were identified in this library. Analysis of a genomic fragment belonging to candidate division OD1 provided useful insights into the physiology and biochemistry of this novel, yet-uncultured candidate division.

types of combinatorial libraries, such as random shuffling libraries and artificial alternative splicing libraries. The block shuffling and random point mutations can be introduced simultaneously by performing RMPCR under error-prone conditions. Most of the block sequences in the combinatorial libraries created by RM-PCR encode a long open reading frame and are suitable for protein selection ex...

The existence of mutants at specific steps in a pathway is a valuable tool of functional genomics in an organism. Heterologous integration occurring during transformation with a selectable marker in Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) has been used to generate an ordered mutant library. A strain, having a chimeric construct (pNia1::arylsulfatase gene) as a sensor of the Nia1 gene promoter...

CD1 is an Ag-presenting molecule that can present lipids and glycolipids to T cells. The CD1 genes were first identified in the human, and since then, homologs have been identified in every mammalian species examined to date. Over a decade ago, CD1B and CD1D homologs were identified in the rabbit. We have extended this earlier study by identifying additional CD1 genes with the goal of developin...

The engineering of synthetic gene networks has mostly relied on the assembly of few characterized regulatory elements using rational design principles. It is of outmost importance to analyze the scalability and limits of such a design workflow. To analyze the design capabilities of libraries of regulatory elements, we have developed the first automated design approach that combines such element...

In Germany, . . . where practical life is as mindless as mental life is impractical, no class in civil society has any need or capacity for general emancipation until it is forced to it by its immediate condition, by material necessity, by its very chains. Where, then, is the positive possibility of German emancipation? Answer: In the formation of a class with radical chains, a class in civil s...

River buffalo genome analyses have advanced significantly in the last decade, and the genome sequence of Bubalus bubalis will be available shortly. Nonetheless, large-insert DNA library resources such as bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) are still required for validation and accurate assembly of the genome sequence. We constructed a river buffalo BAC library containing 52,224 clones ...

The normalization and subtraction of highly expressed cDNAs from relatively large tissues before cloning dramatically enhanced the gene discovery by sequencing for the mouse full-length cDNA encyclopedia, but these methods have not been suitable for limited RNA materials. To normalize and subtract full-length cDNA libraries derived from limited quantities of total RNA, here we report a method t...