One approach to understand the importance of reproductive barriers to the speciation process is to study the breakdown of barriers between formerly distinct species. One reproductive barrier, sexual isolation, reduces gene flow between species through differences in mate preferences and mating signals and is likely important for species formation and maintenance. We measure sexual isolation in ...

introduction: follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) is one of the pituitary glycoproteines that it consists of two subunits alpha and beta. the beta subunit is responsible for the biological activity of fsh. the aim of present study was isolation of the β subunit coding sequence containing its signal sequence from human genome and then cloning of the isolated sequence in ppic9 shuttle vector under...

background staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen in hospital setting and in the community and causes a wide range of diseases. mrsa infection has recently become a serious problem in anti-microbial chemotherapy. the aim of the study was to detect and analyze the antibiotic diversity and isolation of methicillin resistance gene (meca) of s. aureus isolated from tehran hospitals as a rapid an...

vitiligo is a pigmentation disorder in which inflammatory mediators such as cytokines have a pivotal role in disease's pathogenesis. interleukin 17 (il-17a) is a proinflammatory cytokine which is involved in the induction of several proinflamatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase 2 (cox2). the aim of this study was to investigate the gene expression of il-17 and cox2 in peripheral blood leukocy...

Dictyophora rubrovolvata is an important edible mushroom that widely cultivated in China. In 2019, a serious rot disease on D. was observed production facility located Ce Heng County, Southwest of Guizhou Province, The causal agent identified as Trichoderma koningiopsis by amplification and sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1?) ge...

Ecologically dependent reproductive isolation (EDRI) is the decrease in gene flow that occurs when adaptive divergence reduces the fitness of individuals that move between ecological environments. A particularly simple and perhaps almost universal mechanism contributing to EDRI is natural selection against migrants themselves (i.e. before any selection against their offspring). Here I use singl...

Abstract The emergence of reproductive isolation is key in maintaining within- and between-species diversity one the initial steps speciation. In Iberian Peninsula, diverging populations Brachionus plicatilis rotifer create an ideal system to shed light on mechanisms that give rise isolation. Herein, we quantify degree behavioural two groups B. populations, namely, neighbouring by adaptation lo...

Speciation involves the origin of trait differences that limit or prevent gene exchange and ultimately results in daughter populations that form monophyletic or exclusive genetic groups. However, for recently diverged populations or species between which reproductive isolation is often incomplete, gene genealogies will be discordant, and most regions of the genome will display nonexclusive gene...

Local adaptation to different pollinators is considered one of the possible initial stages of ecological speciation as reproductive isolation is a by-product of the divergence in pollination systems. However, pollinator-mediated divergent selection will not necessarily result in complete reproductive isolation, because incipient speciation is often overcome by gene flow. We investigated the pot...

By jointly considering patterns of genetic and life-history diversity in over 100 populations of Chinook salmon from California to British Columbia, we demonstrate the importance of two different mechanisms for life-history evolution. Mapping adult run timing (the life-history trait most commonly used to characterize salmon populations) onto a tree based on the genetic data shows that the same ...