The purpose of this study was to empirically investigate the interactions between various taxes and GDP, and to detect whether taxes function as an automatic stabilizer in Turkey. Firstly, When using a time series unit-root test as proposed by Dickey-Fuller (1979), econometric findings revealed that taxes and level of GDP are not static. Secondly, upon employing cointegration designed by Johans...

To explore the relationship between the prices of shipping market and China's economy, this paper analyzes the data of BDI and China's GDP from 2000 to 2015. By stabilizing the BDI and GDP data, this paper identifies the one-way causal relationship between the BDI and China's GDP via the granger causality test. The conclusion shows that BDI effects China's GDP positively at rate of 22% by using...

The effects of the guanosine diphosphate esters of 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-D-mannose (GDP-4FMan) and 4-deoxy-D-mannose (GDP-4dMan) on reactions of the dolichol pathway in chick-embryo cell microsomal membranes were investigated by studies with chick-embryo cell microsomal membranes in vitro and in baby-hamster kidney (BHK) cells in vivo. Each nucleotide sugar analogue inhibited lipid-linked oligosacch...

Politicians world-wide frequently promise a better life for their citizens. We find that the probability that a country will increase its per capita GDP (gdp) rank within a decade follows an exponential distribution with decay constant λ = 0.12. We use the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) and the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) and find that the distribution of change in CPI (GCI) rank fol...

The argument that human society can decouple economic growth-defined as growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP)-from growth in environmental impacts is appealing. If such decoupling is possible, it means that GDP growth is a sustainable societal goal. Here we show that the decoupling concept can be interpreted using an easily understood model of economic growth and environmental impact. The simp...

Heterotrimeric guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) serve as molecular switches in signalling pathways, by coupling the activation of cell surface receptors to intracellular responses. Mutations in the G protein α-subunit (Gα) that accelerate guanosine diphosphate (GDP) dissociation cause hyperactivation of the downstream effector proteins, leading to oncogenesis. However, the struc...

The phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 2a that occurs when rabbit reticulocyte lysate is incubated in the absence of hemin or with poly(1 .C) causes inhibition of polypeptide chain initiation by preventing a separate factor (termed RF) from promoting the exchange of GTP for GDP on eIF-2. When lysate was incubated in the presence of h min and [‘“C] eIF-2 or [CI-~~PIGTP, we obs...