Th is experiment compared linear relationships among end-products of rumen fermentation measured at the time (t1⁄2) at which a feed produces half of its asymptotic gas production) or at 48 h. Meadow hay and corn grain were incubated for t1⁄2 (16 and 9 h, respectively) or for 48 h into glass bottles. Each bottle (310 ml) was fi lled with feed sample (0.5 g) and 75 ml of buff ered rumen fl uid, a...

introduction since the legislation of european :union: has prohibited the use of growth-promoting antibiotics such as: monensin, there is an interest in alternatives to manipulate the rumen fermentation. the use of growth-promoting antibiotics in animal feeds is banned in europe due to having potential risks such as the spread of antibiotic resistance genes or the contamination of milk or meat ...

Three ethanol extracts, chamomile (CHA), clove (CLO) and tarragon (TAR), were tested at five doses (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 µL/L) to determine their effects on in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME), net energy of lactation (NEL), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbial mass (MM) and rumen fermentation kinetics of a 40:60 forage: concentrate diet using in v...

Highly digestible forages are associated with an in vitro low-methane (CH 4 ) rumen fermentation profile and thus the possibility of reducing CH emissions from forage-based systems. We aimed to assess ruminal profile, including production, top stratum Kikuyu grass ( Cenchrus clandestinus - Hochst. ex Chiov harvested at different sward heights (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 cm). Herbage samples (incubating...

The effect of substituting native grass with jengkol (Archidendron jiringa) by-product on fermentation characteristics, rumen microbial profile, methane production, and hydrogen balance using in vitro method was investigated. Seven treatments (different composition of native grass, jengkol peel, jengkol leaves, and concentrate) with five replications in a block randomized desi...

The aim of this research was to study the in vitro effect of Lavandula officinalis (LEO) and Origanum vulgare (OEO) essential oils on rumen fermentation using a concentrate type substrate (CTS) and roughage type substrate (RTS). Six Mehraban ewes were divided into 2 groups and fed a concentrate type or roughage type diet, and used as rumen fluid donors. Each essential oil (EO) was evaluated sep...

Anaerobic fungi were isolated from both the rumen and faeces of nine sheep and a cow. A reliable and simple method for the isolation of anaerobic fungi using 24 h rumen incubated milled straw as the inoculum source was developed. We also evaluate the use of chitin measurements as an assay of rumen fungal biomass. Chitin levels were determined from various sample sources (milled barley straw use...

Sheep adapted to consume tannins rich feeds such as oak leaf (OL) appear to develop defensive mechanisms by their ruminal bacteria against these polyphenols. The capabilities of ruminal isolated tannins resistant bacteria from these animals to ferment a tanniniferous feed (i.e., pistachio hulls, (PH) which were incubated with rumen fluid from Holstein dairy cows was assessed. Six g positive coc...

the aim of this research was to study the in vitro effect of lavandula officinalis (leo) and origanum vulgare (oeo) essential oils on rumen fermentation using a concentrate type substrate (cts) and roughage type substrate (rts). six mehraban ewes were divided into 2 groups and fed a concentrate type or roughage type diet, and used as rumen fluid donors. each essential oil (eo) was evaluated sep...