Proteins are complex macromolecules that evolved over billions of years to be active in aqueous solution. Water is a key element that stabilizes their structure, and most structural studies on proteins have thus been carried out in aqueous environment. However, recent experimental approaches have opened the possibility to gain structural information on proteins from gas-phase measurements. The ...

Non-equi l ibr ium ni trogenat ion of transition-metal rich rare-earth intermetallics can be used to increase the nitrogen content beyond its equilibrium concentration. For example, nitrogenation of S m 2 F e l 7 using ammonia yields volume expansions up to 8.3 vol %, which correspond to a composition S m 2 F e 1 7 N x with x = 4. This effect is related to catalytic action at the metal surface ...

Mass-spectroscopic experiments related to the endohedral metallofullerene are reviewed. Generation techniques of gas phase clusters, FT-ICR mass spectroscopy experiments, and ion mobility experiments are overviewed. Based on those experimental results, the formation mechanism of endohedral metallofullerene is discussed with classical molecular dynamics simulation results. Finally, exotic predic...

We present new measurements of the interstellar gas-phase oxygen abundance along the sight lines towards 19 early-type galactic stars at an average distance of 2.6 kpc. We derive O I column densities from HST/STIS observations of the weak 1355 Å intersystem transition. We derive total hydrogen column densities [N(H I)+2N(H2)] using HST/STIS observations of Lyman-α and FUSE observations of molec...

We describe in detail a lattice gas model whose irreversible dynamics leads to a phase transition. Attractive and repulsive forces between particles are similar to those of our previous papers. The equilibrium properties such as the equation of state, the pressure tensor in the bulk and on interfaces, and Laplace's law are investigated numerically. Surface tension, equilibrium

1,2,3-Triazoles have come to the forefront as compounds of import in a vast number of applications. The fundamental properties of these species, however, remain largely unknown. Herein, the gas phase properties of 4-phenyl-1,2,3-triazole, benzotriazole, and a series of 1-phenylbenzotriazoles are described. Proton affinity and acidity values are computed and measured. Furthermore, ion-molecule r...

Evaluation of nitronium ion-transfer equilibria, L1NO2+ + L2 = L2NO2+ + L1 (where L1 and L2 are ligands 1 and 2, respectively) by Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and application of the kinetic method, based on the metastable fragmentation of L1(NO2+)L2 nitronium ion-bound dimers led to a scale of relative gas-phase nitronium ion affinities. This scale, calibrated to ...

The time evolution of excited nuclei, which are in equilibrium with the surrounding vapour, is investigated. It is shown that the nite nuclear systems undergo a rst order phase transition. The caloric curve is presented for excited 16 O, 24 Mg, 27 Al and 40 Ca and the critical temperature is estimated for 16 O.

the michelsen stability and multiphase flash calculation by direct minimization of gibbs free energy of the system at constant temperature and pressure, was used for systems containing gas hydrates. the solid hydrate phase was treated as a solid solution. the fugacities of all components of the hydrate phase were calculated as a function of compositions by the rearranged model of van der waals ...

Sieve trays are widely used in the gas- liquid contactors such as distillation and absorption towers. In this article, a three-dimensional, two phase CFD model using Euler-Euler framework was developed to simulate a distillation tower with two sieve trays. Hydrodynamic simulation of air and water system in different rates of gas phase was carried out and velocity distribution parameters, clear ...