The significant penetration rate of wind turbines in power systems made some challenges in the operation of the systems such as large-scale power fluctuations induced by wind farms. Gas-fired plants with fast starting ability and high ramping can better handle natural uncertainties of wind power compared to other traditional plants. Therefore, the integration of electrical and natural gas syste...

knowledge of energyconsumption has many uses in industry. factors that are energy dependent have already been studied hence decision making on them are easier. energy demand studies of industry helps us to learn factors that are responsive to this demand. therefore planners can use these collected data in their decision making using the above factors. another use of energy demand can be used as...

Aiming at the problem of insufficient flexibility power system caused by large-scale wind grid integration, a flexible economic dispatch model electricity-gas integrated that considers power-to-gas and demand responses is proposed. First, it elaborates on scheduling response model. Secondly, natural gas are regarded as different stakeholders; with goal minimizing their respective operating cost...

manure and putreseible garbage are some of the main sources of pathogenic germs in countryside’s. on the other hand, demand for fertilizer and energy increases in rural areas every day. to study potential of cow manure for these requirements a 16,5m3 pilot plant was designed and constructed as fermentation tank near animal husbandry of karaj agriculture faculty. some 260kg cow manure and water ...

• Reducing demand for emissions-intensive goods and services is part of the solution. If prices start to reflect the full costs of production, including the greenhouse gas externality, consumers and firms will react by shifting to relatively cheaper lowcarbon products. Increasing awareness of climate change is also likely to influence demand. But demand-side factors alone are unlikely to achiev...

Today’s gas markets demand more flexibility from the network operators which in turn have to invest into their network infrastructure. As these investments are very cost-intensive and long-living, network extensions should not only focus on one bottleneck scenario, but should increase the flexibility to fulfill different demand scenarios. We formulate a model for the network extension problem f...

Due to increasing interest in indoor air quality and demand controlled ventilation in buildings aiming at energy and cost saving, as well as health and comfort aspects, the objective of our work has been the development of a reliable, low cost tool for demand ventilation control. Based on a single microelectromechanical (MEMS) metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensor VOC detection as close as...

Climate change and agriculture influence each other. The effects of climate change on agriculture seem to be predominantly negative, although studies show a large variation in impacts between crops and regions. To compensate for these effects, agriculture can either intensify or expand in area; both of these options increase greenhouse gas emissions. It is therefore likely that such negative ef...