Two hundred years ago Theodor Grotthuss published a major paper entitled “Mémoire sur la décomposition de l’eau et des corps, qu’elle tient en dissolution a’ l’aide de l’élecrticite galvanique.”(1) In a short time this document was reprinted in other journals (2, 3) and was translated into English (4). In this paper Grotthuss presented an electrolysis concept based on physical-chemical phenomen...

Previous research has indicated that viewing 3D displays may induce greater visual fatigue than viewing 2D displays. Whether viewing 3D displays can evoke measureable emotional responses, however, is uncertain. In the present study, we examined autonomic nervous system responses in subjects viewing 2D or 3D displays. Autonomic responses were quantified in each subject by heart rate, galvanic sk...

Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation has been associated with numerous cognitive and behavioural effects, such as enhancement of visual memory in healthy individuals, improvement of visual deficits in stroke patients, as well as possibly improvement of motor function in Parkinson's disease; yet, the mechanism of action is unclear. Since Parkinson's and other neuropsychiatric diseases are chara...

objectives: the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of four commercially available mouthrinses on the color stability of one type of glass ionomer, giomer and compomer. method: 60 disc-shaped specimens, 180 in total (7*2mm), fabricated from each of the following materials: a resin modified glass ionomer fuji ii lc (gc international corp), a giomer beautifil ii (shofu inc) and a compome...

introduction: the aim of this study was to assess the galvanic behavior of different bracket and archwire combinations that are commonly used in orthodontic treatments. methods: three types of orthodontic archwires with a diameter of 0.016×0.022 inch and 80 standard edgewise maxillary central incisor brackets were selected. three groups consisted of different wire-bracket couples and one group ...

BACKGROUND An enhanced release of metals in the mouth due to galvanic cell formation is considered to be one of the causes of oral discomfort. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of galvanic cell on salivary immune defense factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS The levels of IgA1, IgA2, sIgA, lysozyme and antiIgA/HSP60 were evaluated in representative samples from 159 patients with ...

To investigate the vestibular and somatosensory interaction in human postural control, a galvanic vestibular stimulation of cosine bell shape resulting in a small forward or backward body lean was paired with three vibrations of both soleus muscles. The induced body lean was registered by the position of the center of foot pressure (CoP). During a quiet stance with eyes closed the vibration of ...

We report a new method for directly monitoring dynamic surface wetting that occurs during electrochemical droplet cell corrosion measurements on an Al alloy and Cu galvanic couple. The combination of goniometer potentiostat enabled the in situ observation wettability polarization each metal at interface two metals 0.4 ?L NaCl aqueous droplets. Droplet spreading was heterogeneously metals, where...

The spontaneous triggering of cerium-based conversion coating deposition occurs due to active micro-galvanic couple induced local rise in pH at cathodic sites. Since surface preparations prior treatment modify the reactivity or extent coupling between anodic and phases, they are crucial importance. While many past works have studied effect various including alkaline etching and/or acid pickling...