Intact chicken embryo neural retina cells have been shown to catalyze the transfer of galactose-(14)C from uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-galactose) to endogenous acceptors of high molecular weight as well as to exogenous acceptors. Four lines of evidence indicate that the galactosyltransferases catalyzing these reactions are at least partly located on the outside surface of the plasma memb...

The distribution of galactosyl transferase was studied using trans and cis Golgi fractions isolated by a modification of the Ehrenreich et al. procedure (1973. J. Cell Biol. 59:45-72) as well as an intact Golgi fraction isolated by a new one-step procedure. Two methods of assay were used. The first method analyzed the ability of Golgi fractions to transfer galactose (from uridine diphosphogalac...

1. Two enzymes that catalyse the transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to GM2 ganglioside were partially purified from rat liver Golgi membranes. 2. These preparations, designated enzyme I (basic) and enzyme II (acidic), utilized as acceptors GM2 ganglioside and asialo GN12 ganglioside as well as ovalbumin, desialodegalactofetuin, desialodegalacto-orosomucoid, desialo bovine submaxillary muc...

PREVIOUS genetic studies have conclusively established the order of the three structural genes in the galactose operon to be epimerase-transferasekinase (see Figure 1 ) ( ADLER and KAISER 1963; BUTTIN 1963b; ADLER and TEMPLETON 1963). The elegant work of ADLER and TEMPLETON (1963) and subsequently of KAYAJANIAN (1965), DAVISON, FRAME and BISHOP (1967), and PFEIFFER and OELLERMAN ( 1967) have de...

The reaction between human platelet membrane glucosyl transferase and collagen has recently been proposed as the mechanism for pletelet-collagen adhesion. Collagen contains glucosyl-galactose and galactose side chains linked through the galactose to hydroxylysine. Oxidation of the 6-hydroxymethyl position of the galactosyl residue to aldehydes with galactose oxidase completely abolishes platele...

A simple and reliable method of separating and quantifying acid phosphatase activities in D. discoideum is described, and one of the electrophoretically distinguishable forms of the enzyme is shown to be specific for prestalk cells. Accumulation of this product commences some 2-3 h later in development than the prespore specific enzyme UDP-galactose polysaccharide transferase. This finding is d...

The location of regions in the primary structure of UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosamine beta 4-galactosyl-transferase (GT) that are involved in binding UDP-galactose has been investigated by differential chemical modification with two different reagents in the presence and absence of UDP-galactose. Treatment with periodate-cleaved UDP and NaCNBH3 resulted in a loss of 80% of GT activity, which wa...

noted above. To eliminate this possibility, it will be necessary to map both the original mutant stock and mutant clones derived from it via lambda transduction. Summary. A preliminary map of the galactose region of E. coli K-12, obtained by the study of crossing over in heterogenotes showing position effect is presented. The order, kinase cistron-operator region-transferase cistron is indicate...

A screeningprocedure is described which can be used to separate the great majority of normal personsfrom those with a lack of the enzyme galactose transferase. The method is designed to be used on dried blood spot eluates which remain after a phenylalanine determination has been performed. The optimum conditions for this test are described, and data are presented from a preliminary study of mor...

The importance of glycans in biological systems is highlighted by their various functions in physiological and pathological processes. Many glycan epitopes on glycoproteins and glycolipids are based on N-acetyllactosamine units (LacNAc; Galβ1,4GlcNAc) and often present on extended poly-LacNAc glycans ([Galβ1,4GlcNAc](n)). Poly-LacNAc itself has been identified as a binding motif of galectins, a...