Cholinergic and GABAergic neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca (MS-DB) project to the hippocampus where they are involved in generating theta rhythmicity. So far, the functional properties of neurochemically identified MS-DB neurons are not fully characterized. In this study, MS-DB neurons recorded in urethane anesthetized rats and in unanesthetized restrained rats were labeled w...

Background and Objectives: To describe patterns of healthcare utilization among patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in general practitioner (GP) settings in Germany. Methods: Using a large computerized database with information from GP practices across Germany, we identified all patients, aged ≥ 18 years, with diagnoses of, or prescriptions for, GAD (ICD-10 diagnosis code F41.1) be...

The diagnostic stability and long-term prognosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) remain the subjects of considerable controversy. We report the results of an investigation of the long-term outcome of an original sample of 44 subjects who participated in a medication trial. Subjects were reinterviewed approximately 16 months after completion of the study, using structured interviews. Fifty...

OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in a community-dwelling population aged 80 years and older. Also to compare sleep patterns, cognitive function and prevalence of other psychiatric conditions between healthy controls and GAD subjects. METHODS DSM-IV criteria were used to diagnose GAD. A representative random sample of 77 community-dwelling subjects (35...

BACKGROUND To review the prevalence and impact of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) below the diagnostic threshold and explore its treatment needs in times of scarce healthcare resources. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted until January 2013 using PUBMED/MEDLINE, PSYCINFO, EMBASE and reference lists to identify epidemiological studies of subthreshold GAD, i.e. GAD symptoms ...

The neurotransmitter GABA has been recently identified as a potent immunosuppressive agent that targets both innate and adaptive immune systems and prevents disease progression of several autoimmunity models. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewing progenitor cells that differentiate into various cell types under specific conditions, including neurons. In addition, MSC possess strong im...

BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common mental disorders; however, there is no brief clinical measure for assessing GAD. The objective of this study was to develop a brief self-report scale to identify probable cases of GAD and evaluate its reliability and validity. METHODS A criterion-standard study was performed in 15 primary care clinics in the United States...

Experiments in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice that lacked expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in beta cells have suggested that GAD represents an autoantigen essential for initiating and maintaining the diabetogenic immune response. Several attempts of inducing GAD-specific recessive tolerance to support this hypothesis have failed. Here we report on successful tolerance induction by ...

introduction : the purpose of this study was to investigate the executive functions (efs) as the mediators between coping with stress styles and generalized anxiety disorder (gad). we examined two styles of coping with stress (problem focused coping (pfc) and emotion focused coping (efc)) and eight executive functions (inhibition, flexibility, focusing, working memory, decision making, reasonin...

BACKGROUND The 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) is a practical self-report anxiety questionnaire that proved valid in primary care. However, the GAD-7 was not yet validated in the general population and thus far, normative data are not available. OBJECTIVES To investigate reliability, construct validity, and factorial validity of the GAD-7 in the general population and to gen...