Land-use intensification is a central element in proposed strategies to address global food security. One rationale for accepting the negative consequences of land-use intensification for farmland biodiversity is that it could 'spare' further expansion of agriculture into remaining natural habitats. However, in many regions of the world the only natural habitats that can be spared are fragments...

Endogenous chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effects are always diluted by competing effects, such as direct water proton saturation (spillover) and semi-solid macromolecular magnetization transfer (MT). This leads to unwanted T2 and MT signal contributions that lessen the CEST signal specificity to the underlying biochemical exchange processes. A spillover correction is of special i...

Using the approach of Granger causality in risk, we investigate extreme risk spillover effects among four major world gold markets (London, New York, Tokyo and Shanghai) before and after the recent global financial crisis. We find (i) that there are strong extreme risk spillover effects between London and New York, and London and Shanghai, (ii) that most of the extreme risk spillovers to Tokyo ...

In this paper we engineer an information mapping of transmission linkages across various European government bond markets. The research introduces a calibration methodology for the application of an optimizing radial basis function (RBF) artificial neural network (ANN). Utilizing a closed-form derivation of the regularization parameter, the Kajiji-4 RBF ANN is known to efficiently minimize the ...

introduction: the growth of agricultural production and natural resources are from primary objectives of any political system, because this section has a vital role in providing food security. according to the production theories, production growth will come from two sources; more use of production factors within the framework of existing technologies and second, with using more advanced and mo...

The research on spillover effect in financial markets is frontier theory and technology. The global financial crisis of 2007-2009 affects the stock markets deeply. But, the economic consequences are different among some cross-markets. As an emerging high-speed growth securities market established in 1990, the Chinese securities market has developed significantly. Again in the current internatio...