We have examined a behaviour pattern in wood ants which in some respects resembles and in other respects differs from the learning flights of bees and wasps. Wood ants returning to their nest from a newly discovered food source turn back and look at landmarks near to the feeder, but the feeder itself does not attract sustained fixations. The frequency of landmark inspections is highest when the...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants have complex mechanisms of aerial biomass exposition, which depend on bud composition, the period of the year in which shoot extension occurs, branching pattern, foliage persistence, herbivory and environmental conditions. METHODS The influence of water availability and temperature on shoot growth, the bud composition, the leaf phenology, and the relationship betwee...

.............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Material and methods .................