It is found that noncommutative U (1) gauge field on the fuzzy sphere S 2 N is equivalent in the quantum theory to a commutative 2−dimensional U (N) gauge field on a lattice with two plaquettes in the axial gauge A 1 = 0. This quantum equivalence holds in the fuzzy sphere-weak coupling phase in the limit of infinite mass of the scalar normal component of the gauge field. The doubling of plaquet...

It is found that noncommutative U (1) gauge field on the fuzzy sphere S 2 N is equivalent in the quantum theory to a commutative 2−dimensional U (N) gauge field on a lattice with two plaquettes in the axial gauge A 1 = 0. This quantum equivalence holds in the fuzzy sphere-weak coupling phase in the limit of infinite mass of the scalar normal component of the gauge field. The doubling of plaquet...

Biometric techniques are gaining importance for personal authentication and identification as compared to the traditional authentication methods. Biometric templates are vulnerable to variety of attacks due to their inherent nature. When a person’s biometric is compromised his identity is lost. In contrast to password, biometric is not revocable. Therefore, providing security to the stored biom...

In this paper, we present a new approach to obtain trapezoidal approximation of fuzzy numbers with respect to weighted distance proposed by Nasibov [5] which the main property of this metric is flexibility in the decision maker’s choice. Also, we prove some properties of the proposed method such as translation invariance, scale invariance and identity. Finally, we illustrate the efficiency of p...

We present a method for mass proofs of theorems of certain forms in a formal theory of fuzzy relations and classes. The method is based on formal identification of fuzzy classes and inner truth values with certain fuzzy relations, which allows transferring basic properties of sup-T and inf-R compositions to a family of more than 30 composition-related operations, including sup-T and inf-R image...

In this paper, we revisit and study the basic properties of two families fuzzy implications, so-called (T,N)− (N′,T,N)− implications. More specific, when these implications satisfy, or not, neutrality property (NP), exchange principle (EP), identity (IP) ordering (OP). Moreover, a is presented for law importation (LI) with respect to t- norm. Also, relation Φ−conjugation in