Accumulating evidence suggests that HIV-specific CD8(+) CTL are dysfunctional in HIV-infected individuals with progressive clinical disease. In the present studies, cytokine production by virus-specific CTL was assessed in the rhesus monkey model for AIDS to determine its contribution to the functional impairment of CTL. CTL from monkeys infected with nonpathogenic isolates of simian and simian...

To investigate the polymorphism of human minor histocompatibility (mH) antigens, PBLs from 23 Japanese individuals and 25 German individuals with HLA-B35 were studied by using four human mH antigen-specific, HLA-B35-restricted CTL clones. The CTL clones killed PHA-stimulated PBLs from all 23 Japanese individuals. On the other hand, they killed the PHA-stimulated PBLs from 19 of 25 German indivi...

Polyclonal stimulation of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) occurs during infection with many viruses including those not known to transform CTL or encode superantigens. This polyclonal CTL response includes the generation of high levels of allospecific CTL directed against many class I haplotypes. In this report we investigated whether the allospecific CTL generated during an acute lymphocyti...

Virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are involved in protective immunity to many virus infections. It has recently been shown that CTL are detectable early during primary infection with the primate lentiviruses, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus. To better characterize the CTL response during acute HIV-1 infection, HIV-1-specific CTL clones we...

In a recent phase II clinical trial using banked allogeneic CTL lines to treat EBV-associated posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease, a response rate of 52% was recorded 6 mo posttreatment. Tumor response was associated with an increase in both CTL/recipient HLA matches and CD4(+) T cells within the infused CTL lines. The present study was undertaken to correlate tumor response with CTL spe...

We use symbolic model checking to verify a VHDL design. This paper mainly focuses on Computational Tree Logic (CTL) for model checking problem. We have explained these two terms “CTL” and “model checking” for providing a clear idea about these two. Most importantly we have explored the ways of uses of CTL formulae in the case of model checking. The importance of the model checking, the ways of ...

CTL escape mutations have been identified in several chronic infections, including mice infected with mouse hepatitis virus strain JHM. One outstanding question in understanding CTL escape is whether a CD8 T cell response to two or more immunodominant CTL epitopes would prevent CTL escape. Although CTL escape at multiple epitopes seems intuitively unlikely, CTL escape at multiple CD8 T cell epi...

There is good evidence that cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) 1 are derived from cytotytically inactive precursors (CTL-P). In most experimental systems for the activation of the precursors to CTL, extensive proliferation of the CTL-P is induced. Tbis proliferation depends on T cell growth factor (TCGF or interleukin 2), which acts only on T cells that have become TCGF responsive as a result of the...

A modular formalization of the branching time temporal logic CTL∗ is presented. Our formalization subsumes prior formalizations of propositional linear temporal logic (PTL) and computation tree logic (CTL). Moreover, the modularity allows to instantiate our formalization for different formal security models. Validity of axioms and soundness of inference rules in axiomatizations of PTL, UB, CTL,...