Classroom climate has been demonstrated to associate with individuals’ various attributes and outcomes. Recent research has also confirmed students’ goal orientations deserving to be recognized as a significant achievement-related outcome. In this line, the current study intended to examine the relationship between Iranian EFL students’ perceptions of their classroom environment and their achie...

We present a new approach for estimation of transmural distributions of stress and strain in the equatorial region of a passive left ventricle. We employ a thick-walled cylindrical geometry, assume that myocardium is incompressible, and use a three-dimensional constitutive relation that yields a material symmetry consistent with observed transmural variations in muscle fiber orientations. Moreo...

Two studies were conducted to examine the impact of two basic self-regulatory orientations—locomotion and assessment (Higgins, Kruglanski, & Pierro, 2003)—on materialistic values. We hypothesized that, because assessment is associated with great concern over self-evaluation—particularly as it applies to social comparison and extrinsic motivation— it should promote materialistic concerns which i...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of different cognitive orientations focused on social comparison or self-comparison, followed by success or failure feedback, on mood, task persistence, and task difficulty choice in children with cancer. METHOD Children with cancer (N = 79) and a group of age-matched controls (N = 72 were randomly assigned in a 2 (Achievement Orientation) x 2 (Feedback) betwee...

The purpose of this study was to examine task-, ego-, and social-goal orientations as predictors of prosocial and antisocial behavior in youth soccer. Participants were 365 male (n = 227) and female (n = 138) youth soccer players (M age = 13.4 years, SD = 1.8), who completed questionnaires measuring task and ego orientation; the goals of social affiliation, social recognition and social status;...

Students’ achievement task values, goal orientations, and interest are motivation-related constructswhich concern students’ purposes and reasons for doing achievement activities. The authors review the extant research on these constructs and describe and comparemany of the most frequently used measures of these constructs. They also discuss their development during childhood and adolescence. Th...

It is assumed that in order for psychosocial treatment to be acceptable and effective with a client population, it must be sensitive to the cultural characteristics of that population. The paradigm of planning therapy according to the cultural characteristicirrs-Capuputirs illustrated for Cuban immigrant adolescents. To investigate cultural variables, a Value Orientations Scale was developed ba...

The health and vitality of relationships, groups, and society at large is strongly challenged by social dilemmas or conflicts between short-term self-interest and long-term collective interest. Pollution, depletion of natural resources, and intergroup conflict can be characterized as examples of urgent social dilemmas. This article advances a conceptual framework in which we analyze social dile...

See examples in Fig. 1(b). Many graph algorithms use an st-orientation. For instance, graph drawing algorithms [3], [4], [17], [19], [22], routing algorithms [1], [13] and partitioning algorithms [14]. Given a biconnected graph G and its two vertices s and t, one can find an st-orientation of G in O(m + n) time [5], [6], [22]. Note that if G is not biconnected then G may have no st-orientation....