The melting temperatures have been determined for a wide range of substances as a function of pressure. In the present work, Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) was investigated up to 30 kb and the decomposition temperatures, and the melting temperatures of silver chloride and iodine were determined up to 30 kb and 20 kb, respectively. General Technique. -The pressure was generated with a piston-c...

The thermal cracking of hydrocarbons for olefin production is carried out in long tubular reactors inserted in a furnace, in this process the heat flux along the reactor wall determines the feedstock conversion, the olefin selectivity's and rate of coke deposition. A detailed firebox simulation model is therefore a powerful tool in the design and operation of pyrolysis furnaces and reactors to ...

A method is given whereby one may graphically determine the radiation heat transfer properties of a number of closely packed radiation shields. The method uses the gray body formula, taking into account variations in total thermal emissivity of the adjacent shields as a function of temperature. Results were used in the construction of a high temperature vacuum furnace. Excellent correlation was...

The utilization of carburizing materials in engineering fields has undergone so many tremendous changes in engineering fields. Gas carburizing is one of the surface engineering techniques widely used in the process of heat treatment in all the engineering industries. Carburizing is a complex process; it involves a number of variables for the success of the carburizing process. Effective quality...

In this paper, a self-government particle swarm optimizer (SGPSO) is proposed to improve the performance of original PSO, in which particle updating depends on local best information searched at anterior runs as well as individual history best and global best at present. To evaluate the novel algorithm, some benchmark functions are employed in comparison with PSO. Experimental results show that...

In this paper, the exergoeconomic analysis was conducted to an existing ultra-supercritical coal-fired power plant in China to understand the cost-formation process, to evaluate the economic performance of each component and to find possible solutions for more cost-effective designs. The total revenue requirement (TRR) and the specific exergy costing (SPECO) methods were applied for economic an...

Experiments were conducted to study CCA-treated wood combustion over a range of temperature and oxygen concentrations with a view to understanding the factors affecting energy and metals recovery from waste treated timber. CCA-treated wood was burned in a furnace at temperatures from 400 to 940 degrees C and oxygen concentrations between 5 and 21%. The ash and condensed volatiles were digested ...

The development of an indirect measurement model for electro thermal furnace and its implementation in a reconfigurable architecture are the main issues of this article. The proposed measurement system is based on the system model, the principle of conservation of energy and the laws of thermodynamics are applied to build a model of the thermal system where the Kalman theory is applied for filt...

Using an excimer laser-pumped CARS spectrometer, single-pulse temperature measurements have been performed with a repetition rate of up to 80 Hz in a 3-dimensional, phase-matched geometry. Single-pulse temperature data measured in a furnace typically fluctuated by _+ 50 K within the temperature range 300-1300 K. The CARS spectra were analyzed by the G-matrix formalism with inclusion of cross co...

The objective of this study is to find the temperature distribution of a slab as it moves through the pusher-type preheat furnaces. First, the imaginary planes method (IPM) as a new and applicable method for calculation of radiation heat transfer in industrial furnaces is studied, and the two-dimensional form of this method is used to calculate heat flux and temperature distribution in the furn...