In this paper we give a proof of the strong Goldbach conjecture by studying limit status of original continuous Godbach natural number sequence {3, 4, ..., GNL} generated by original continuous odd prime number sequence {3, 5, ..., p} when p → ∞, that is, GNL = p when p → ∞. It implies the weak Goldbach conjecture. If a prime p is defined as Goldbach prime when GNL = p then Goldbach prime is th...

Given n ∈ Z, its arithmetic derivative n is defined as follows: (i) 0 = 1 = (−1)′ = 0. (ii) If n = up1 · · · pk, where u = ±1 and p1, . . . , pk are primes (some of them possibly equal), then

Let A ⊇ D ⊆ B be two von Neumann algebras together with a common Cartan subalgebra. Then the amalgamated free product M = A ∗D B with respect to the unique conditional expectations from A, B onto D can be considered. In our previous paper [U1], the questions of its factoriality and type classification were discussed in detail, which will be reviewed in §4. The main purpose of the paper is to gi...

The five simple exceptional complex Lie superalgbras of vector fields are described. One of them is new; the other four are explicitely described for the first time. All of the exceptional Lie superalgebras are obtained with the help of the Cartan prolongation or a generalized prolongation. The description of several of the exceptional Lie superalgebras is associated with the Lie superalgebra a...

We introduce anyonic Lie algebras in terms of structure constants. We provide the simplest examples and formulate some open problems.

The derivative of an ideal in a number ring is defined and the relation between the ideal derivative and the arithmetic derivative of a number in Z is discussed. Some simple ideal di↵erential equations are also studied. Further, the definition of the ideal derivative is extended to the derivative of a fractional ideal in a number ring. Again, the relation between the fractional ideal derivative...

The Fudenberg and Maskin folk theorem for discounted repeated games assumes that the set of feasible payoffs is full dimensional . We obtain the same conclusion using a weaker condition. This condition is that no pair of players has equivalent von Neumann-Morgenstern utilities over outcomes. We term this condition NEU ("non-equivalent utilities"). The condition is weak, easily interpreted, and ...

Let V be a four-dimensional real vector space with a fixed orientation. Then the wedge product can be viewed, up to a positive factor, as a canonical quadratic form of signature (3, 3) on the six-dimensional space ΛV . This gives a homomorphism from the identity component of the general linear group GL(V ) to the conformal group of the indefinite form, which is a local isomorphism. The signific...

Let (Ω,A, μ) be a σ-finite nonatomic measure space and let Λw,φ be the Orlicz-Lorentz space. We study the Gateaux differentiability of the functional Ψw,φ(f) = ∞ ∫ 0 φ(f∗)w. More precisely we give an exact characterization of those points in the Orlicz-Lorentz space Λw,φ where the Gateaux derivative exists. This paper extends known results already on Lorent spaces, Lw,q , 1 < q <∞. The case q =...

whenever ‖~v‖V < δ. In this case the bounded linear operator dF~v0 is called the (Frechet) derivative of F at ~v0. Prove that if ‖ • ‖V is a norm on V which is equivalent to ‖ • ‖V , then F is differentiable at ~v9 with respect to ‖ • ‖V if and only if it is differentiable at ~v0 with respect to ‖ • ‖V , and in this case the derivatives are equal. Similarly, if ‖ • ‖W is a norm on W which is eq...