Ethanol biofuel could play an important role in reducing petroleum consumption by enabling a substantial increase in the fuel efficiency of gasoline engine vehicles. This ethanol boosted engine concept uses a small amount ethanol to increase the efficiency of use of a much larger amount of gasoline by approximately 30%. Gasoline consumption and the corresponding CO2 emissions would thereby be r...

Depletion of petroleum derived fuel and environmental concern has promoted to look over the biofuel as an alternative fuel sources. But a complete substitution of petroleum derived fuels by biofuel is impossible from the production capacity and engine compatibility point of view. Yet, marginal replacement of diesel by biofuel can prolong the depletion of petroleum resources and abate the radica...

Divisia index A method of aggregation used in economics that permits variable substitution among material types without imposing a priori restrictions on the degree of substitution. emergy The quantity of solar energy used directly and indirectly to produce a natural resource, good, or service. energy quality The relative economic usefulness per heat equivalent unit of different fuels and elect...

Prominent features of differentiated product markets are segmentation and proliferation blurring the boundaries between segments. I develop a tractable demand model, Ordered Nested Logit, which allows for asymmetric substitution apply model to automobile market where segments ordered from small luxury. find that consumers, when substituting outside their vehicle segment, more likely switch neig...

This review is devoted to the application of Sr2FeMoO6−δ (SFM) and Sr2F1.5Mo0.5O6−δ (SF1.5M) in La1−xSrxGa1−yMgyO3−δ (LSGM)-based SOFCs. We consider most relevant physical properties (crystal structure, thermodynamic stability, iron molybdenum valence states, oxygen vacancy formation non-stoichiometry, electrical conductivity), A- B-site ion substitution, performance SF1+xM SOFCs (polarization ...

The current manuscript presents a review on existing kiln burner technologies for the cement production process, in context of climate energy transition and environmental remediation. Environmental legislation has become ever stricter response to global change, plants need adapt this new reality order remain competitive market ensure their longevity. process is well-established technology with ...

Abstract The Chalmers Grouped ActiNide EXtraction process is a solvent extraction for the homogeneous recycling of spent nuclear fuel. use TBP tetra- and hexavalent actinides can be problematic several reasons, including troublesome degradation products causing crud formation, decreased yield possibility explosive red oil reactions. Here, substitution by N,N -dialkyl monoamide, DEHBA, investiga...