Endogenous energy stores are continuously oxidized for fuel . Triglyceride present in adipose tissue is the major fuel reserve in the body and is critical for survival during periods of starvation (Table 15-1) . The high energy density and hydrophobic nature of triglycerides make it a fivefold better fuel per unit mass than glycogen . Triglycerides liberate 9 .3 kcal/g when oxidized and are com...

A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has two types of energy storage units, electricity and fuel. Electricity means that a battery (sometimes assisted by ultracaps) is used to store the energy, and that an electromotor (from now on called motor) will be used as traction motor. Fuel means that a tank is required, and that an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE, from now on called engine) is used to gener...

This study examines the potential change in primary emissions and energy use from replacing the current U.S. fleet of fossil-fuel on-road vehicles (FFOV) with hybrid electric fossil fuel vehicles or hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCV). Emissions and energy usage are analyzed for three different HFCV scenarios, with hydrogen produced from: (1) steam reforming of natural gas, (2) electrolysis powe...

In this study, different fuel combinations that can be adopted to reduce the level of air pollution and GHG emissions associated with the energy generation are assessed; and the air pollution and global warming effects of the Jamaican electricity generation fuel mix are determined. Based on the energy production and consumption patterns, and global warming potentials, the authors conclude that:...

This paper proposes a parallel energy-sharing control for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) application. The hybrid source consists of a fuel cells (FCs) generator, battery packs and Ultracapacitor (UC) modules. In the proposed parallel energy-sharing control, each source is connected to the direct current (DC) bus via power electronics converters. A total of six control loops are applied in ...

Hydrogen is an important chemical material that is utilized in a large scale in synthetic chemical industries in modern society. On the other hand, technologies for utilizing hydrogen as clean source of energy are considered to assume an important position in order to overcome problems of lack of energy and environment in future. Hence, fuel cells that store hydrogen and operate using it as fue...

Recently, various technologies for conserving and using energy resources efficiently have been developed worldwide, among which wind energy and fuel cells have been receiving much attention as renewable energy, and LED application field has received attention in the aspect of energy usage. This study aims to build an IPC network among technologies using patent information on wind energy, fuel c...

Due to limited energy resources, high energy demand and constrict emission norms led the researchers to find alternative fuel for IC engines. Due to the fossil fuel crisis, the development of alternative fuel technologies has drawn more attraction to deliver the replacement of fossil fuel. Many alternative fuels have been developed and commercialized like alcohols, biodiesel, LPG, CNG etc. pyro...