The organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and refuse-derived fuel (RDF) mainly consisting paper/cardboard can be used as feedstock for the production cellulosic ethanol. In this paper, an efficient technology is described to convert into process involves separation OF from other components in stream. An acid pretreatment liberate fibers accessibility enzyme Cellic CTEC3 loading 3.75...

This study deals with artificial neural network (ANN) modeling a diesel engine using waste cooking biodiesel fuel to predict the brake power, torque, specific fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of engine. To acquire data for training and testing the proposed ANN, two cylinders, four-stroke diesel engine was fuelled with waste vegetable cooking biodiesel and diesel fuel blends and operated a...

Thermal technologies for the treatment of waste are once again attracting interest, particularly in Europe and North Amerca, as landfill space becomes scarcer and landfill regulations become more stringent. Plasma technologies can be used to destroy waste at high temperatures, using electricity to convert waste into a fuel gas and an inert rock. The Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System’s (PAWDS)...

This study aimed to identify the metal flow in a municipal solid waste (MSW) management system. Outputs of a resource recovery facility, refuse derived fuel (RDF) production facility, carbonization facility, plastics liquefaction facility, composting facility, and bio-gasification facility were analyzed for metal content and leaching concentration. In terms of metal content, bulky and incombust...

introduction nowadays, due to higher environmental pollution and decreasing fossil fuels many countries make decisions to use renewable fuels and restrict using of fossil fuels. renewable fuels generally produce from biological sources. biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel derived from the transesterification of vegetable oils, animal fats, or waste frying oils. considering the differences be...

The National Policy on Solid Waste (NPSW) brought a new dimension to waste management in Brazil. According to the requirements of this law, producers, traders, recyclers, importers, distributors, and consumers are each held responsible for waste outcomes. The establishment of reverse logistics systems, also proposed by the law, begins from the management of diffuse interests in support of envir...

The OECD NEA (Nuclear Energy Agency) anticipates that by 2050 the amount of nuclear-generated electricity worldwide will increase by a minimum of 1.6 times and a maximum of 3.9 times its 2008 value of 372 GWe [1]. At the same time, the amount of radioactive waste that will be produced is expected to increase substantially. High-level radioactive waste is usually derived from the burning of uran...