The primary use of frozen semen has been for the treatment of male infertility, in which case a 'donor's' semen may be used for insemination independently of time and place. An increase in demand for semen by infertile couples, who represent about 30 per cent of all marriages in the United States, was a contributing factor to the rapid growth of commercial semen banking. Another factor was the ...

Neosporosis is caused by the protozoan parasite, Neospora caninum which is major cause of fatal disease and abortion in cattle in Iran and in many countries. The economic impacts of neosporosis are lost milk, meat and abortions in cattle. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the presence of N. caninum DNA in fresh and frozen semen samples of Iranian bulls that were used for artifici...

Artificial insemination is a well-established and widely used method for genetic improvement in cattle breeding industry. Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in the cryoprotective effects of minerals and antioxidants on semen. Previous studies on calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), two main macro-minerals, have mainly investigated their roles in mammalian spermatogenesis and fer...

Heparin binding proteins (HBPs) are produced by accessory glands. These are secreted into the seminal fluid, bind to the spermatozoa at the time of ejaculation, favour capacitation, acrosome reaction, and alter the immune system response toward the sperm. The present study was conducted with an objective to assess the effect of purified seminal plasma-HBPs (SP-HBPs) on cross bred cattle bull sp...

Motility is one of the most important characteristics associated with the fertilising ability of spermatozoa indicating their viability and structural integrity. Therefore, the examination of motility constitutes an integral part of semen analysis. Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) allows an accurate and objective assessment of different sperm motion characteristics with high repeatabilit...

Seminal plasma transaminases (GOT and GPT) were assessed in diluted (Tris-egg yolk-citric acid-fructoseglycerol extender 1:4) and thawed (40 0 C for 15 seconds) semen of Sirohi bucks (control group). Diluted, cooled (from 25 0 C up to 5 0 C) and equilibrated (at 5 0 C for 2 hours) semen straws were frozen @ 15, 20, 25 and 30 0 C/minute for M1, M2, M3 and M4 groups respectively. These frozen str...

A series of experiments were conducted to determine the suitable freezing and thawing temperatures for the freezing of boar semen in 5 ml maxi-straws. The ultrastructure, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and artificial insemination (AI) of frozen-thawed semen were also be evaluated. The 5 cm freezing height gave the best results not only in post-thaw motility rate (54.00%), but also in normal acros...

In humans, use of frozen semen is still limited to the activities of a few centers. Procedure for freezing semen involves adding .1 ml of glycerol for each milliliter of semen to be frozen. The specimen is then transferred into sterilized ampules in 1 ml quantities and sealed. The ampules are then suspended in liquid nitrogen vapor at a temperature of -99 degrees C for 1/2 hour. Following t...

Sperm penetration assay (SPA) scores obtained from cryobanked semen were correlated with therapeutic insemination (TI) fecundity in a group of established sperm donors, thereby evaluating the efficacy of the SPA in screening donors for sperm banking. While the SPA has been used to separate fertile from infertile males, we altered assay conditions to use frozen semen and to distinguish performan...

Introduction: Infertility is a common phenomenon in modern societies. Today, use of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) for treatment of infertility is common, and cryopreservation is one of these technologies. Cryopreservation has impact on the function and percentage of fertility of human sperm. In this study, motility, viability, nitric oxide, and DNA apoptosis were assessed before and...