Transport of Na+ and its relationship with membrane potential (delta psi m) was examined in Anabaena L-31 (a fresh water cyanobacterium) and Anabaena torulosa (a brackish water cyanobacterium) which require Na+ for diazotrophic growth. The data on the effect of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide indicated that delta psi m was generated by electrogenic proton extrusion predominantly mediated by ATPas...

Temperate-zone anguillid eels use both saline (marine or brackish) and fresh waters during their continental phase, but use of fresh waters is paradoxical because on average these fishes grow more rapidly in saline than in fresh waters. Based on data from anguillid eels whose habitat-residency histories had been determined by Sr:Ca otolithometry, superiority of growth rates in saline water is m...

We have explored intestinal function in the euryhaline killifish Fundulus heteroclitus after transfer from brackish water (10% seawater) to fresh water. Plasma Na+ and Cl- concentrations fell at 12 h post-transfer, but recovered by 7 days. Drinking rate decreased substantially at 12 h (32% of control value) and remained suppressed after 3 and 7 days in fresh water (34 and 43%). By contrast, the...

Desalination of seawater, brackish water, and reclaimed water is increasingly utilized worldwide to augment and diversify fresh water sources. The lack of economically and ecologically feasible concentrate management options, however, is a major barrier to widespread implementation of desalination, in particular at inland sites. This paper critically reviews strategies and technologies for conc...

Recent studies have shown that sea kraits (Laticauda spp.)--amphibious sea snakes--dehydrate without a source of fresh water, drink only fresh water or very dilute brackish water, and have a spatial distribution of abundance that correlates with freshwater sites in Taiwan. The spatial distribution correlates with sites where there is a source of fresh water in addition to local precipitation. H...

Transitions from marine to freshwater habitats constitute dramatic shifts between 'adaptive zones' that have initiated the radiation and speciation of many taxa. As recently as 10?000 years ago, deglaciation resulted in marine fauna being trapped in freshwater lakes. In modern times, human activity has caused the acceleration of freshwater invasions from marine or brackish habitats, leading to ...

We propose one parametric and one non-parametric method for detection of monotone trends in nutrient concentrations in brackish waters. Both methods take into account that temporal variation in the quality of such waters can be strongly influenced by mixing of salt and fresh water, thus salinity is used as a classification variable in the trend analysis. With the non-parametric approach, Mann-K...