This research presents a model to predict the influence of demand and capacity on the running speed of signalized arterials in Montgomery County, Maryland. The model separates the changes to link running speed due to same-direction traffic and intersection approach delay from cross traffic. It is found that flow has a small impact on link speed, each 1000 vehicles per lane per hour reduces spee...

A magnetic field rotating on the free surface of a ferrofluid layer is shown to induce considerable fluid motion towards the direction the field is rolling. The measured flow velocity i) increases with the square of the magnetic field amplitude, ii) is proportional to the thickness of the fluid layer, and iii) has a maximum at a driving frequency of about 3 kHz. The pumping speed can be estimat...

We study the generation of surface waves on water as a bifurcation phenomenon. For a critical wind-speed there appear traveling wave solutions. While linear waves do not transport mass (in the mean), nonlinear effects create a shear-flow and result in a net mass transport in the direction of the wind. We derive an asymptotic formula for the average tangential velocity along the free surface. Nu...

We present a simple viscous theory of free-surface flows in boundary layers, which can accommodate regions of separated flow. In particular this yields the structure of stationary hydraulic jumps, both in their circular and linear versions, as well as structures moving with a constant speed. Finally we show how the fundamental hydraulic concepts of subcritical and supercritical flow, originatin...

Rheotaxis is a robust, multisensory behavior with many potential benefits for fish and other aquatic organisms. Visual (optic flow) cues appear to be sufficient for rheotaxis, but other sensory cues can clearly compensate for the loss of vision. Nevertheless, the nature of multisensory interactions and the relative contributions of different senses under varying conditions are poorly understood...

in this study, an electrostatic sprayer which had been previously designed and constructed was evaluated in order to quantify the charging of droplets. liquid atomization was achieved by using an ultrasonic nozzle. the nozzle maximum flow rate was 25 milliliters per minute and vibration frequency was about 30 khz. the induction method was used for charging the output droplets. all experiments w...

Do voluntary and task-driven shifts of attention have the same time course? In order to measure the time needed to voluntarily shift attention, we devised several novel visual search tasks that elicited multiple sequential attentional shifts. Participants could only respond correctly if they attended to the right place at the right time. In control conditions, search tasks were similar but part...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Hyposalivation can cause many difficulties for patients like opportunistic infections such as candidiasis, mouth sores, and dysphagia as well as reduced quality of life (QOL). Methods such as using sugar-free chewing gum are recommended to treat this complication. Mastic is a natural substance and since it has various properties in addition ...

The channel flow subjected to a wind stress at the free surface and an oscillating pressure gradient is investigated using large-eddy simulations. The orientation of the surface stress is parallel with the oscillating pressure gradient and a purely pulsating mean flow develops. The Reynolds number is typically Re!=10 and the Keulegan–Carpenter number—the ratio between the oscillation period and...

We incorporate hydrodynamic interactions in a structure-based model of ubiquitin and demonstrate that the hydrodynamic coupling may reduce the peak force when stretching the protein at constant speed, especially at larger speeds. Hydrodynamic interactions are also shown to facilitate unfolding at constant force and inhibit stretching by fluid flows. (Some figures in this article are in colour o...