In this paper, we use parametric form of fuzzy number, then feed-forward neural network is presented for obtaining approximate solution for fuzzy Fredholm integro-differential equation of the second kind. This paper presents a method based on neural networks and Newton-Cotes methods with positive coefficient. The ability of neural networks in function approximation is our main objective. The pr...

In this research, the finite difference method is used to solve initial value problem of linear first order Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equations with singularity. By using implicit rules and composite numerical quadrature rules, scheme established on a Shishkin mesh. The stability convergence proposed are analyzed two examples solved display advantages presented technique.

In the present article we study the stabilization of first-order linear integro-differential hyperbolic equations. For such equations we prove that the stabilization in finite time is equivalent to the exact controllability property. The proof relies on a Fredholm transformation that maps the original system into a finite-time stable target system. The controllability assumption is used to prov...

In this paper, an effective direct method to determine the numerical solution of linear and nonlinear Fredholm and Volterra integral and integro-differential equations is proposed. The method is based on expanding the required approximate solution as the elements of Chebyshev cardinal functions. The operational matrices for the integration and product of the Chebyshev cardinal functions are des...