The gap probabilities at the hard and soft edges of scaled random matrix ensembles with orthogonal symmetry are known in terms of τ -functions. Extending recent work relating to the soft edge, it is shown that these τ -functions, and their generalizations to contain a generating function like parameter, can be expressed as Fredholm determinants. These same Fredholm determinants also occur in ex...

In this article we have considered Fredholm integro-differential equation type second-order boundary value problems and proposed a rational difference method for numerical solution of the problems. The composite trapezoidal quadrature and non-standard difference method are used to convert Fredholm integro-differential equation into a system of equations. The numerical results in experiment on s...

*Correspondence: [email protected] 2Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics (NAAM) Research Group, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Abstract In this paper, we derive a new generalized Volterra–Fredholm integral inequality and use it to study the dependence of solutions on the ini...

From Corollary 3.5 in [Berkani, M; Sarih, M.; Studia Math. 148 (2001), 251– 257] we know that if S, T are commuting B-Fredholm operators acting on a Banach space X, then ST is a B-Fredholm operator. In this note we show that in general we do not have ind(ST ) = ind(S) + ind(T ), contrarily to what has been announced in Theorem 3.2 in [Berkani, M; Proc. Amer.Math. Soc. 130 (2002), 1717–1723]. Ho...

This paper concerns Fredholm theory in several variables, and its applications to Hilbert spaces of analytic functions. One feature is the introduction of ideas from commutative algebra to operator theory. Specifically, we introduce a method to calculate the Fredholm index of a pair of commuting operators. To achieve this, we define and study the Hilbert space analogs of Samuel multiplicities i...

A method is used to solve the Fredholm–Volterra integral equation of the first kind in the space L2ðXÞ Cð0; T Þ, X 1⁄4 ðx; yÞ 2 X: ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi x2 þ y2 p n 6 a; z 1⁄4 0 o and T < 1: The kernel of the Fredholm integral term considered in the generalized potential form belongs to the class Cð1⁄2X 1⁄2X Þ, while the kernel of the Volterra integral term is a positive an...

A numerical method to solve nonlinear Fredholm integral equations of second kind is presented in this work. The method is based upon hybrid function approximate. The properties of hybrid of block-pulse functions and Taylor series are presented and are utilized to reduce the computation of nonlinear Fredholm integral equations to a system of algebraic equations. Some numerical examples are selec...

We study the C∗-algebra generated by Teoplitz operators with symbols of vanishing (mean) oscillation on the Bergman space of the unit ball. We show that the index calculation for Fredholm operators in this C∗-algebra can be easily and completely reduced to the classic case of Toeplitz operators with symbols that are continuous on the closed unit ball. Moreover, in addition to a number of other ...

In this paper, continuous Legendre multi-wavelets are utilized as a basis in a practical direct method to approximate the solutions of the Fredholm integral equations system. To begin with we describe the characteristic of Legendre multi-wavelets and will go on to indicate that through this method a system of Fredholm integral equations can be reduced to an algebraic equation. Finally, numerica...

Rationalized Haar functions are developed to approximate the solution of the nonlinear Volterra–Fredholm–Hammerstein integral equations. The properties of rationalized Haar functions are first presented. These properties together with the Newton–Cotes nodes and Newton–Cotes integration method are then utilized to reduce the solution of Volterra–Fredholm–Hammerstein integral equations to the sol...