The concern about transmission of resistant enteric organisms from livestock to humans via the food chain has substantially lessened owing to the banning of the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in young animals. Nevertheless, therapeutic use in animals is high and resistance is increasing in production species and companion animals. Environmental spread via commensal organisms is of incre...

Energy plays an active role in sustainable development in Iran, both in the sustainable and the development aspects. This study aims to estimate the nexus of economic growth and the renewable energy in Iran during 1981-2012. We employ the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to estimate a log-linear equation. The results suggest that renewable energy consumption is an insignificant driv...

Recent studies of calorie restriction in several organisms demonstrate an increase in mitochondrial activity that is associated with the salutary effects of this dietary restriction regimen. In this Essay, I speculate on how an increase in mitochondrial activity might provide benefit and discuss how diet, mitochondria, and sirtuins might interact in a pathway to slow aging and associated diseases.

This paper introduces Madeleine II, a new adaptive and portable multi-protocol implementation of the Madeleine communication library. Madeleine II has the ability to control multiple network interfaces (BIP, SISCI, VIA) and multiple network adapters (Ethernet, Myrinet, SCI) within the same application session. We report on performance measurements obtained using BIP/Myrinet and SISCI/SCI and we...

The 2 major cellular lipid species, sterols and fatty acids, have many roles in physiology. Not only are they essential structural components of eukaryotic cell membranes, but they are also used as sources for cellular energy, serve as precursors for biosynthesis of key cellular macromolecules, are strategically used as post-translational modifications of many proteins, and function as signalin...

Effective HIV prevention requires the protection and empowerment of marginalized groups at high risk of infection. However, many policies persist that stigmatize these groups and hinder HIV prevention efforts, including HIV-related travel restrictions. In the Republic of Korea, which requires HIV tests for certain visa categories, these restrictions negatively affect the national HIV response a...

Synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer has enabled modern agriculture to greatly improve human nutrition during the twentieth century, but it has also created unintended human health and environmental pollution challenges for the twentyfirst century. Averaged globally, about half of the fertilizer-N applied to farms is removed with the crops, while the other half remains in the soil or is lost from ...