OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of two canals in relation to age and gender as well as role of shift cone angle radiographic technique in maxillary second premolar tooth. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY The study was conducted in Operative Department (Endodontic Department), Hamdard University Dental Hospital, Karachi, from January 2004 to February 2005. P...

Locating the number and position of orifices on pulp-chamber floors can be difficult. This is especially true when the tooth being treated is heavily restored, malposed, or calcified. After evaluating 500 pulp chambers of extracted teeth, new laws for finding pulp chambers and root-canal orifices are proposed. The use of these laws can aid in the determination of the pulp-chamber position and t...

Single rooted tooth are considered to be the easiest for root canal treatment. The literature has documented cases with single rooted tooth showing more than single canal. Understanding of root canal morphology thus is an important aspect to be considered for successful endodontic treatment. The case presented here shows a rare entity of having double canals in all the mandibular incisors in a ...

The mandibular canine is usually considered a single-rooted tooth with a single root canal. However, two canals and more rarely two roots may also occur. This paper reports the case of a patient with bilateral mandibular canines with two roots and two root canals. The initial periapical radiographs of the mandibular right and left canines for endodontic treatment revealed the presence of two ro...

Using an endoscopic approach, small intraoral bone chambers, which are routinely obtained during tooth extraction and implantation, provide visual in vivo access to internal bone structures. The aim of the present paper is to present a new method to quantify bone microstructure and vascularisation in vivo. Ten extraction sockets and 6 implant sites in 14 patients (6 men / 8 women) were examined...

Fused teeth may cause aesthetic, spacing, periodontal, eruption, and caries problems. The present case report describes a 7-year-old boy patient with a chief complaint of unerupted maxillary incisor. Radiographic examination indicated a fused tooth which had two fused roots but two independent root canals. A complex management of a fused tooth is really difficult to standardize. In this case an...

introduction: this article describes the diagnosis and treatment of two symmetrical maxillary first molars with two canals in their distobuccal roots. a 32-year-old female had an emergency treatment because of the pain in tooth #16. on the second visit after accessing the pulp chamber and detecting three major canals (mb, db, and p) and exploring the 4th canal (mb 2 ), we noted that there was a...

The objective of this report is to describe combined orthodontic and endodontic treatment of a fused mandibular premolar with supernumerary tooth. The patient was a 15 year old girl seeking orthodontic treatment for the correction of maxillary and mandibular crowding. Cephalometric examination revealed skeletally Class I relationship. The panoramic radiograph showed a fused tooth with two separ...

Fused teethmay cause aesthetic, spacing, periodontal, eruption, and caries problems.The present case report describes a 7-year-old boy patient with a chief complaint of unerupted maxillary incisor. Radiographic examination indicated a fused tooth which had two fused roots but two independent root canals. A complex management of a fused tooth is really difficult to standardize. In this case an o...

introduction an in vitro study was performed to determine the number and the type of root canals of mandibular incisor teeth in an iranian population. methods and materials sixty eight mandibular incisor teeth were immersed in india ink decalcified and cleared. results it was found that 55.9% of the teeth had two canals that in 51.5% of them the canals merged into one canal before exiting the t...