Despite the evolutionary success and ancient heritage of the molluscan shell, little is known about the molecular details of its formation, evolutionary origins, or the interactions between the material properties of the shell and its organic constituents. In contrast to this dearth of information, a growing collection of molluscan shell-forming proteomes and transcriptomes suggest they are com...

we quantified the distribution, abundance and assemblage structure of macrofauna at 22 stations in gorgan bay, seasonally in 2012-2013. also, depth, temperature, salinity, do, tom and sediment particle size were measured in each station. the highest concentration of tom was measured near the western littoral zone (10.22) while the mouth part and north-eastern area was characterized by the lowes...

Coastal human-made structures, such as marinas and harbors, are expanding worldwide. Species assemblages described from these artificial habitats are novel relative to natural reefs, particularly in terms of the abundance of nonindigenous species (NIS). Although these fouling assemblages are clearly distinctive, the ecosystem functioning and species interactions taking place there are little un...

One of the methods for making prototypes is incremental forming process. In this method, the forming tool, performs a pre-programmed movement by the CNC machine and runs the desired path. This modernization process is used in the automotive, aerospace, military, medical and other industries. One of the most influential parameters in this process is forming tool. This parameter is effective in f...

The temporal stability of aggregate community properties depends on the dynamics of the component species. Since species growth can compensate for the decline of other species, synchronous species dynamics can maintain stability (i.e. invariability) in aggregate properties such as community abundance and metabolism. In field experiments we tested the separate and interactive effects of two stre...

The spatial placement of recruits around adult conspecifics represents the accumulated outcome of several pattern-forming processes and mechanisms such as primary and secondary seed dispersal, habitat associations or Janzen-Connell effects. Studying the adult-recruit relationship should therefore allow the derivation of specific hypotheses on the processes shaping population and community dynam...