This study examined the relationship among foreign language enjoyment (FLE), second L2 grit, online learning self-efficacy (OLSE), and engagement Iranian English as a (EFL) learners. The involved 578 EFL learners who completed self-report measures of four constructs. Confirmatory factor analysis structural equation modeling were employed to confirm validity scales test hypothesized model. findi...

abstractthe interference of the native language in acquiring a foreign language is unavoidable. in an attempt to explore the phenomenon why this occurs, the study was conducted in english as a foreign language writing. the study also investigated how the native language interference occurred in the writing process. in fact, this qualitative study explored the reasons and the process of native l...

This study aimed to explore the relationships between foreign language learners’ self-identity changes, motivation types, and Foreign Language proficiency associated with learning English in private language schools in Iranian context. Based on a stratified sampling, 204 English as a foreign language learners from three language schools in Tehran were selected to participate in the study. The i...

Willingness to communicate (WTC) in a foreign language is linked range of negative and positive emotions. The present study investigated whether enjoyment anxiety are potential predictors WTC. To this end, group 349 EFL undergraduate students (Female = 226, Male 123) enrolled at public Saudi Arabian universities were surveyed. Multiple regression analyses revealed that (FLE) was predictor WTC, ...

Language classrooms are occasionally anxiety-breeding situations. Foreign language classroom anxiety which negatively affects foreign language learning is typically associated with productive activities mainly speaking skill. To cope with the issue and overcome language learning difficulties, the present study was conducted to explore the impact of mobile-assisted language learning on enhancing...

Tourism data are sparse, and commonly cannot distinguish between different forms of tourism. However, according to one 1982 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Survey, 29 million U.S. citizens took some 310 million trips in 1980 based on nonconsumptive enjoyment of nature and wildlife. At least 1 million of these tourists traveled to foreign lands primarily to experience the ecologies of remote destinations...

Positive emotional stimuli, when compared to neutral memories, persist longer in memory and are recalled with greater accuracy readiness, which might be rather significant foreign language learning. The primary objective of this study was determine whether or not positive stimuli enhance remembering new vocabulary. pre-test/post-test design applied, both declarative procedural vocabulary knowle...

This qualitative study analyzes the reasons of college students for learning English as a foreign language (EFL) in Costa Rica and the reasons of high school students for learning German as a foreign language (GFL) in the US. It asks to what extent the learners’ reasons align with or deviate from neoliberal discourses that commodify foreign languages. The analysis of 27 interviews in a US high ...