Effective conversion of lignocellulosic material as renewable energy source has significant reflection on economic and environmental impact. Diluted acid hydrolysis at optimal condition was used to liberate fermentable sugar. The sorghum stalks, the alkali pretreatment of biomass and hydrolysis in diluted hydrochloric acid were investigated. The hydrolysis reaction was carried out in a 5L react...

in this work, benzyl alcohol was obtained in 96% excellent yield by hydrolysis of benzyl chloride catalyzedby the recyclable temperature-dependant phase-separation system that comprised the ionic liquid peg1000-dail[bf4], toluene and ferric sulfate under homogeneous catalysis in aqueous media. this novel methodnot only enhanced the yield, but also made the operating units easy workup. the catal...

Introduction: During 2000, 293 billion pounds of about 8000 different organic compounds were manufactured in the United States (1). Many millions of pounds of synthetic organic compounds are deliberately introduced into the environment for weed and pest control, and many millions of pounds of other chemicals are introduced into the environment through their proper uses. However, an increase in ...

the forced degradation study of lidocaine hcl was carried out according to the ich guideline q1a (r2). the degradation conditions were assessed to be hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis and dry heat during 24 h, 48 h and 72 h and then the samples were investigated by gc-fid method and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. according to these results, the degradation products were not obse...

A validated, specific, stability indicating reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method has been developed for quantitative analysis of citicoline and its related substances in oral drops formulation. Forced degradation studies were performed using acidic, basic and oxidizing conditions, and thermal and photolytic stress, to show the stability indicating power of the method. The method was opt...

The quantitative analysis of tizanidine hydrochloride in both pharmaceutical dosage form and bulk medication has been developed validated using an easy, affordable, quick, unique isocratic HPLC approach. Tizanidine was separated isocratically Waters symmetry C18 ODS as the stationary phase (250×4.6 mm, 5μm particle size), a flow rate 1.0 ml/min, UV detector to track eluate at 230 nm. drug its d...

A novel stability-indicating LC assay method was developed and validated for quantitative determination of epinastine in bulk drugs and in pharmaceutical dosage form in the presence of degradation products generated from forced degradation studies. An isocratic, reversed phase LC method was developed to separate the drug from the degradation products, using an YMC ODS AC18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μ...