Atomic force microscopy was used to characterize the nanometerscale structural evolution of the MoO3 (010) surface during reaction with hydrogen at 400◦C. Two primary surface modifications were identified. First, water vapor, when present in the reactor either as an impurity or as an oxidation product, accelerates the volatilization of MoO3 and leads to the formation of surface voids. The prese...

Atomic force microscopy was used to study changes in the surface step structure of GaInAsSb layers with varying degrees of phase separation. The layers were grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy on (001) GaSb substrates with 2" miscut angles toward (1 1 1)A, (1 1 1)B, and (1 0 1). Alloy decomposition was observed by contrast modulations in plan-view transmission electron microscopy, and b...

This study applied a facile and green approach to synthesize a stable graphene aqueous dispersion, and the graphene aqueous dispersion was employed to modify the renewable, compatible and biodegradable soy-protein-isolated (SPI) films to enhance their thermal stability, mechanical properties and water resistance. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images confirmed the monolayer structure of graphene...

We show that in experimental atomic force microscopy studies of the lifetime distribution of mechanically stressed folded proteins the effects of externally applied fluctuations can not be distinguished from those of internally present fluctuations. In certain circumstances this leads to artificially non-exponential lifetime distributions which can be misinterpreted as a signature of protein co...

Force spectroscopy measurement of rupture forces of bound molecules becomes an important physicochemical tool in characterizing intermolecular interactions. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements are among the most common approaches in implementation of this technique. Kinetic information about the molecular bond under study is usually extracted assuming that the detected rupture force come...

Introduction and Review Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) Spectroscopy is an AFM based technique to measure, and sometimes control the polarity and strength of the interaction between the AFM tip and the sample. Although the tip-sample interaction may be studied in terms of the energy, the quantity that is measured first is always the tip-sample force, and thus the nomenclature: force spectroscopy....

We consider the resonant optical force acting on a pair of transparent microspheres by the excitation of morphology-dependent resonance (MDR). The bonding and antibonding modes of the MDR correspond to strong attraction and repulsion, respectively. The dependence of the force on separation and the role of absorption are discussed. At resonance, the force can be enhanced by orders of magnitude s...

We compute the force on a small neutral polarizable object moving at velocity v--> relative to a photon gas equilibrated at a temperature T. We find a drag force linear in v-->. Its physical basis is related to that in recent formulations of the dissipative component of the Casimir force, i.e., the change in photon momentum in emission and absorption between the moving body and the stationary t...

Cylindrical thin-walled tubes due to construction and easy installation, high energy absorption capacity are used in the automotive industry as an impact energy absorber. However, the main weakness of cylindrical tubes is in the high initial peak load. Therefore, in this paper, to overcome this weakness, a buckling initiator is used at the top of the tube. This buckling initiator is a steel rod...