Two types of rod-coil block copolymers including poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (P3HT-b-PEG) and PEG-block-polyaniline (PANI) were synthesized using Grignard metathesis polymerization, Suzuki coupling, and interfacial polymerization. Afterward, two types of single crystals were grown by self-seeding methodology to investigate the coily and rod blocks in grafted brushes and o...

Three homologous spectrin domains have remarkably different folding characteristics. We have previously shown that the slow-folding R16 and R17 spectrin domains can be altered to resemble the fast folding R15, in terms of speed of folding (and unfolding), landscape roughness and folding mechanism, simply by substituting five residues in the core. Here we show that, by contrast, R15 cannot be en...

The folding of larger proteins generally differs from the folding of similarly large nucleic acids in the number and stability of the intermediates involved. To date, however, no similar comparison has been made between the folding of smaller proteins, which typically fold without well-populated intermediates, and the folding of small, simple nucleic acids. In response, in this study, we compar...

Guided by the recent success of empirical model predicting the folding rates of small two-state folding proteins from the relative contact order (CO) of their native structures, by a theoretical model of protein folding that predicts that logarithm of the folding rate decreases with the protein chain length L as L(2/3), and by the finding that the folding rates of multistate folding proteins st...

Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) are an enzyme family which catalyse the isomerisation of proline peptide bonds to promote folding and re-folding peptides proteins. Three subfamilies have been identified: cyclophilins, FK506-binding proteins parvulins. Individual PPIases overexpressed in a number cancers [62], members targetted for immunosuppressant effects.

Abstract. The review describes the application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study kinetics folding, refolding and aggregation proteins, RNA DNA. Time-resolved NMR experiments can be conducted in a reversible or an irreversible manner. In particular, folding pose large requirements for (i) signal-to-noise due time limitations (ii) synchronising steps. Thus, this contributi...

Background: RNA plays key role in many aspects of biological processes and its tertiary structure is critical for its biological function. RNA secondary structure represents various significant portions of RNA tertiary structure. Since the biological function of RNA is concluded indirectly from its primary structure, it would be important to analyze the relations between the RNA sequences and t...

Three-dimensional shell-like structures can be obtained spontaneously at the microscale from self-folding of 2D templates rigid panels. At least for simple structures, motion each panel is consistent with a Brownian process and folding occurs through sequence binding events, where pairs panels meet specific closing angle. Here, we propose lattice model to describe dynamics self-folding. As an e...

Pulsed hydrogen exchange and other studies of the kinetic refolding pathways of several small proteins have established that folding intermediates with native-like secondary structures are well populated, but these studies have also shown that the folding kinetics are not well synchronized. Older studies of the kinetics of formation of the native protein, monitored by optical probes, indicate t...