Chlorophyll fluorescence (Chf) emission allows estimating the photosynthetic activity of vegetation -a key parameter for the carbon cycle modelsin a quite direct way. However, measuring Chf is difficult because it represents a small fraction of the radiance to be measured by the sensor. This paper analyzes the relationship between the solar induced Chf emission and the photosynthetically active...

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) is the primary product of photosynthesis and can therefore serve as an indicator of biomass and photosynthetic activity. Pure NADPH which is the reduced form of NADP shows an absorption maximum at 340 nm and a maximum of emission at 460 nm. NADPH concentrations in terrestrial vegetation have already been studied since 1957 in great detail with...

Database queries within a component framework usually take the form of a string passed to an operation in a component’s interface. The interface operation accepts a value of type string as an actual parameter and implements the necessary support to resolve the query. In such an approach, a component’s interface does not explicitly state the queries supported by that component. In this paper, we...

Soft glassy materials exhibit the so-called glassy transition which means that the behavior of the model at low shear rate changes when a certain parameter (which we call the glass parameter) crosses a critical value. This behavior goes from a Newtonian behavior to a HerschelBulkley behavior through a power-law-type behavior at the transition point. In a previous paper we rigorously proved that...

Combined logics have recently deserved much attention. In this paper we develop a detailed study of a form of combination that generalises the temporalisation construction proposed in 9]. It consists of replacing an atomic part (formal parameter) of one (parameterised) logic by another (actual parameter) logic. We provide a categorial char-acterisation of parameterisation and illustrate it with...

Scientific theories are hard to find, and once scientists have found a theory H, they often believe that there are not many distinct alternatives to H. But is this belief justified? What should scientists believe about the number of alternatives to H, and how should they change these beliefs in the light of new evidence? These are some of the questions that we will address in this paper. We als...

During the past decade, the appreciation and understanding of how bacterial cells can be organized in both space and time have been revolutionized by the identification and characterization of multiple bacterial homologs of the eukaryotic actin cytoskeleton. Some of these bacterial actins, such as the plasmid-borne ParM protein, have highly specialized functions, whereas other bacterial actins,...

Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is based on the comparison of characteristic intensities induced by monoenergetic electrons. When the electron beam ionizes inner atomic shells and these ionizations cause the emission of characteristic X-rays, secondary fluorescence can occur, originating from ionizations induced by X-ray photons produced by the primary electron interactions. As detectors ar...

Mixed micelles of the phospholipid 1,2-diheptanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DHPC) with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) in aqueous solutions and the effects of interactions between the components were studied by fluorescence and NMR measurements. The regular solution theory (RST) was applied to analyze the experimental critical micelle concentration va...

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a major DNA amplification technology from molecular biology. The quantitative analysis of PCR aims at determining the initial amount of the DNA molecules from the observation of typically several PCR amplifications curves. The mainstream observation scheme of the DNA amplification during PCR involves fluorescence intensity measurements. Under the classical ass...