Biodosimetry is the currently accepted method for validation of fluence delivery in ultraviolet UV reactors for water disinfection. This method utilizes the inactivation of a surrogate microorganism to predict the reduction equivalent fluence and subsequent inactivation of a target pathogen. Two common surrogates—Bacillus subtilis spores and MS-2 coliphage—were used to examine the relationship ...

Background: Chronic central serous chorioretinopathy presents a treatment challenge. Photodynamic therapy has been used successfully but with side effects; thus, the authors explored half-dose and half-fluence photodynamic therapy as lower-risk alternatives. Methods: Retrospective medical record review of patients with chronic or recurrent central serous chorioretinopathy who received half-dose...

This work investigated phase change mechanisms during excimer laser ablation of nickel specimens. Time-resolved measurements were carried out to determine optical properties and the velocity of the laser-ablated plume, the ablation rate per pulse, light scattering from the laser-ablated particles and the size of the laser-ablated particles, in the laser fluence range y2 y2 Ž y2 y2 . between 2.5...

background: the characteristics of secondary neutrons in a high energy radiation therapy room were studied using the mcnpx monte carlo (mc) code. materials and methods: two mc models including a model with full description of head components and a simplified model used in previous studies were implemented for mc simulations. results: results showed 4-53% difference between full and with the sim...

Background: The study summarised in this report aimed to investigate the interplay between fluence complexity, dose calculation algorithms, dose calculation spatial resolution and delivery characteristics (monitor units, effective field width and dose delivery against dose prediction agreement) was investigated. A sample set of complex planning cases was selected and tested using a commercial t...

We have previously demonstrated the use of Eclipse fluence optimization to define aperture sizes for a novel aperture modulated translating bed total body irradiation (TBI) technique. The purposes of the present study were to identify, characterize, and correct for sources of error inherent in our previous fluence optimization technique, and to develop a clinically viable fluence optimization m...

INTRODUCTION Laser hair removal at lower fluences, delivered under certain conditions, may retain the efficacy of high-fluence lasers while improving tolerability. We performed a pilot study comparing the efficacy, safety and tolerability of laser hair removal using traditional settings compared to lower fluences, delivered from a larger handpiece and under vacuum. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fourte...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can lead to the creation of heterogeneous, response-limiting hypoxia during illumination, which may be controlled in part through illumination fluence rate. In the present report we consider (1) regional differences in hypoxia, vascular response, and cell kill as a function of tumor depth and (2) the role of fluence rate as a mediator of depth-dependent regional intra...

The far-red reversibility of the phytochrome-controlled stimulation of elongation of coleoptile sections by low fluence red light has been characterized in subapical coleoptile sections from dark-grown Avena sativa L., cv Lodi seedlings. The fluence dependence of the far-red reversal was the same whether or not the very low fluence response is also expressed. The capacity of far-red light to re...

To clarify the property of tritium removal from carbon codeposition by using pulsed-laser induced desorption, hydrogen removal from co-deposits on JT-60 divertor tile using a fourth-harmonic emission (266 nm) of a nano-sec Nd:YAG laser was demonstrated. The threshold laser fluence for ablation was ~ 0.3 J/cm, which was slightly higher compared to that of the pico-sec laser irradiation. The ener...