A simple correlation was developed earlier by Kandlikar (1983) for predicting saturated flow boiling heat transfer coefficients inside horizontal and vertical tubes. It was based on a model utilizing the contributions due to nucleate boiling and convective mechanisms. It incorporated a fluid-dependent parameter Ffl in the nucleate boiling term. The predictive ability of the correlation for diff...

In the present work, the critical heat flux measurements were performed for the subcooled flow boiling of pure water and magnetic nanofluids (i.e., water + 0.01 and 0.1 vol.% Fe‌‌3O4) in a vertical tube. The effect of applying an external magnetic field on the CHF variation was studied experimentally as well. The obtained results indicated that the subcooled flow boiling CHF in the vertical tub...

Four common techniques for the removal of dissolved oxygen from water have been examined: boiling at 1 atm, boiling under reduced pressure, purging with N(2) and sonication under reduced pressure. After treatment, the residual oxygen in solution was analysed by the Winkler method. Nitrogen purging for 20-40 min at flow rate of 25 mL/s was found to be the most effective oxygen removal method. Bo...

Two-phase flow instability in microchannel flow boiling exhibits pressure fluctuations with different frequencies and amplitudes. One possible way to suppress the dynamic instability is to introduce synthetic jet near the inlet of the channel. An important feature of synthetic jet is that it allows momentum transfer into the microchannel flow without net mass injection into it. The strength and...

This chapter provides the engineer and the researcher with correlations and models for the prediction of the critical aspects of the boiling heat transfer of mixtures. This chapter offers a reliable, hands-on resource for solving common problems across pool boiling and flow boiling applications such as miscible mixtures, refrigerant/lubricant mixtures, additives, and refrigerant/nanolubricants....

Critical heat flux limit is an important consideration in the design of any flow boiling unit. Before the use of microchannels under flow boiling conditions becomes widely accepted in critical applications, such as electronics cooling and laser lenses, it is essential to develop CHF data for microchannels. The experiments required to obtain this information pose unique challenges as the channel...

In this tutorial the fundamentals of non-boiling heat transfer in two-phase twocomponent gas-liquid flow in pipes are presented. The techniques used for the determination of the different gas-liquid flow patterns (flow regimes) in vertical, horizontal, and inclined pipes are reviewed. The validity and limitations of the numerous heat transfer correlations that have been published in the literat...

the melt-phase synthesis of dioctyltin (iv) and triphenyltin (iv) benzoates were carried outusing stoichiometric amounts of benzoic acids and the corresponding organotin (iv) compounds.the reagents were ground together in a mortar and fed into a boiling glass tube. a cannula tubewas inserted into the boiling tube to discharge accumulated gaseous products. a syringe ensureda continuous flow of d...

Due to the critical role of vapor confinement in establishing distinct flow and heat transfer characteristics in microchannels (as distinct from those in larger channels), the conditions under which such confinement occurs in microchannels are of great interest. It is shown in the present work that channel dimensions and flow properties alone, as proposed in past studies, are insufficient for d...