Animals abstract relevant information from a profusion of diverse stimuli and then organize appropriate behavioral responses. How is this done? A partial answer comes from studies on the flight steering system of the locust where multiple sensory systems have been shown to interact and shape the response properties of deviationspecific detector neurons. These sensory detector neurons project to...

BACKGROUND Eye tracking is an accurate and objective means of measuring an instrument scan pattern. The purpose of this study was to determine if prior aircraft experience, phase of flight, and autopilot mode modified the instrument scan pattern of F-117A pilots. METHODS There were 23 F-117A pilots, grouped by prior aircraft experience, who flew an instrument approach manually and with autopi...

A method is presented for the stress analysis of flight vehicles under different flight conditions including gust and control surface deflection (or maneuver) using the governing equations of rigid-body motions and elastic deformations. The Lagrangian approach is used to derive the governing equations of motions. For this purpose, the basic equations of motions are derived in terms of potential...

SCIAMACHY on ENVISAT has now successfully operated 4 years in space. The ambitious scientific objectives required an operations concept which fully exploits the instrument flexibility but keeps the operational effort to an acceptable minimum. The concept, which had been developed in phase C/D, proved its capabilities in-flight and ensures that SCIAMACHY generates a continuous stream of high-qua...

Echolocating bats face the challenge of coordinating flight kinematics with the production of echolocation signals used to guide navigation. Previous studies of bat flight have focused on kinematics of fruit and nectar-feeding bats, often in wind tunnels with limited maneuvering, and without analysis of echolocation behavior. In this study, we engaged insectivorous big brown bats in a task requ...

This paper introduces a new-type Phase-Frequency Detector (PFD) for Charge-Pump based Phase-Looked-loops (CPPLLs). Dead zone in a phase-frequency detector reduces the input detection range and make worse cycle slips. This brief analyzes the blind zone in latch-based PFDs and proposes a technique that removes the blind zone caused by the pre-charge time of the internal nodes. With the proposed t...

This study explored the process of arterial baroreflex adaptation to microgravity, starting from the first day of flight, during the 16-day STS-107 Columbia Space Shuttle mission. Continuous blood pressure (BP), ECG, and respiratory frequency were collected in four astronauts on ground (baseline) and during flight at days 0-1, 6-7, and 12-13, both at rest and during moderate exercise (75 W) on ...

The air transport industry is seeking to manage risks in air travels. Its main objective is to detect abnormal behaviors in various flight conditions. The current methods have some limitations and are based on studying the risks and measuring the effective parameters. These parameters do not remove the dependency of a flight process on the time and human decisions. In this paper, we used an HMM...

A system of in situ ultrasonic sensors has been developed that can be used to monitor the photoresist prebake process. A high frequency phase measurement monitors the resist film properties while a lower frequency time of flight measurement monitors the corresponding wafer temperature. The high frequency measurement involves calculating the phase of an ultrasound signal as it is reflected from ...