The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large, singular, membrane-bound organelle that has an elaborate 3D structure with a diversity of structural domains. It contains regions that are flat and cisternal, ones that are highly curved and tubular, and others adapted to form contacts with nearly every other organelle and with the plasma membrane. The 3D structure of the ER is determined by both integ...

artificial neural networks (anns) are computer techniques that attempt to simulate the functionality and decision-making processes of the human brain. in the past few decades, artificial neural networks (anns) have been extensively used in a wide range of engineering applications. there are only a few applications in liquid membrane process. the objective of this research was to develop artific...

‎We call a ring $R$ right generalized semiperfect if every simple right $R$-module is an epimorphic image of a flat right $R$-module with small kernel‎, ‎that is‎, ‎every simple right $R$-module has a flat $B$-cover‎. ‎We give some properties of such rings along with examples‎. ‎We introduce flat strong covers as flat covers which are also flat $B$-covers and give characterizations of $A$-perfe...

uv-induced grafting technique was used as a flexible method for surface modification of polysulfone (psf) ultrafiltration (uf) membranes in order to prepare hydrophilic nanofiltration (nf) membranes. flat sheet polysulfone (psf) ultrafiltration membranes were prepared via phase inversion method. n-methylene-2-pyrrolidone (nmp) and polyethylene glycol (peg) of three different molecular weights (...

Formalism leading to more general form of the Kedem-Katchalsky equation describing osmotic membrane transport, considering local unhomogenity of solutions called concentration boundary layers and influence of gravitational factor on membrane transport kinetics was presented. In order to test this formalism, osmotic volume flux was calculated, on the basis of experimental membrane transport para...

Fluorescence lifetime measurements with nanometer spatial resolution are made possible by incorporating time-correlated single photon counting with a near-field fluorescence microscope. Using this apparatus, single pieces of intact photosynthetic membrane from the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain doubly deficient in photosystem I (PS I) and photosystem I1 (PS 11) are examined. Comparison of sim...

An intermittent aerator was newly developed to reduce energy costs in a flat-sheet ceramic membrane bioreactor (MBR) for industrial wastewater treatment. Large air bubbles were supplied over short time interval by the improved technology at bottom of membrane. Performance tests carried out pilot system with two cassettes immersed tank 1-MGD demonstration plant Jurong Water Reclamation Plant (JW...

Membrane phase behavior induced by the binding of curvature-inducing proteins is studied a combination analytical and numerical approaches. In thermal equilibrium under detailed balance between unbinding, membrane exhibits three phases: an unbound uniform flat (U), bound (B), separated/corrugated (SC). SC phase, form hexagonally-ordered bowl-shaped domains. The transitions U phases B are second...

The lateral membrane plays an important role in the mechanical stability of epithelial cell sheet in steady state. In addition, the lateral membrane is continuously remodeled during dynamic processes such as cell extrusion, cytokinesis, and intercellular cell movement. In wound healing, the lateral membrane must be built from flat and spread cells that had crawled into the area of the wound. Th...