In this paper, Forchheimer equation is used as the constitutive equation for flow through rockfill, and the non-linear two-dimensional governing equation with free surface is solved by a new finite element method in a fixed grid. The model is verified by applying it to different flow conditions. The first scenario, which is assumed to be one-dimensional with analytical solution available for it...

The size and direction of orienting movements are represented systematically as a motor map in the optic tectum of the barn owl (du Lac and Knudsen, 1990). The optic tectum projects to several distinct regions in the medial brainstem tegmentum, which in turn project to the spinal cord (Masino and Knudsen, 1992). This study explores the hypothesis that a fundamental transformation in the neural ...

Linking activity in specific cell types with perception, cognition, and action, requires quantitative behavioral experiments in genetic model systems such as the mouse. In head-fixed primates, the combination of precise stimulus control, monitoring of motor output, and physiological recordings over large numbers of trials are the foundation on which many conceptually rich and quantitative studi...

This paper describes experimental techniques with head-fixed, operantly conditioned rodents that allow the control of stimulus presentation and tracking of motor output at hitherto unprecedented levels of spatio-temporal precision. Experimental procedures for the surgery and behavioral training are presented. We place particular emphasis on potential pitfalls using these procedures in order to ...

Hydrothermal scheduling plays an important role in maintaining a high degree of economy and reliability in power system operational planning. The traditional scheduling methods have become inadequate to handle large scheduling problems and tend to be inefficient due to complex computational process. Efficient strategies have thus become an imminent necessity to solve the complex on-line schedul...

We have developed software for fully automated tracking of vibrissae (whiskers) in high-speed videos (>500 Hz) of head-fixed, behaving rodents trimmed to a single row of whiskers. Performance was assessed against a manually curated dataset consisting of 1.32 million video frames comprising 4.5 million whisker traces. The current implementation detects whiskers with a recall of 99.998% and ident...

The mouse is an increasingly prominent model for the analysis of mammalian neuronal circuits. Neural circuits ultimately have to be probed during behaviors that engage the circuits. Linking circuit dynamics to behavior requires precise control of sensory stimuli and measurement of body movements. Head-fixation has been used for behavioral research, particularly in non-human primates, to facilit...

This paper deals with the optimal control problem that arise when a hydraulic system with fixed-head hydroplants is considered. In the frame of a deregulated electricity market the resulting Hamiltonian for such systems is linear in the control variable and results in an optimal singular/bang-bang control policy. To avoid difficulties associated with the computation of optimal singular/bang-ban...