In Experiment 1, chickens from various white leghorn experimental lines were inoculated with strain ADOL-Hcl of subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) either as embryos or at 1 day of age. At various ages, chickens were tested for ALV-J induced viremia, antibody, and packed cell volume (PCV). Also, at 4 and 10 wk of age, bursal tissues were examined for avian leukosis virus (ALV)-induced prene...

Multiple flow rates of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) fraction (F(e,NO)) data can be modelled to estimate airway wall concentration of nitric oxide (C(aw,NO)), diffusing capacity of nitric oxide (D(aw,NO)), alveolar nitric oxide concentration (C(alv,NO)) and total maximal flux of nitric oxide in the airway compartment (J'(aw,NO)). F(e,NO) at 10, 30, 50, 100 and 200 mL.s(-1) from 50 chronic obstruct...

Human subjects were exposed to tetrachloroethene (perchloroethylene, PER). The duration of exposure ranged from one to 60 minutes and the concentration of PER in inhaled air ranged from 0.02 to 0.40 mmol/m3. Alveolar air was sampled after several residence times (t*) in the lung. Both during and after exposure, the concentration of PER in alveolar air (C Alv) as a function of the residence time...

Commercial Marek's disease (MD) vaccines produced by two manufacturers were tested for possible contamination with avian leukosis virus (ALV). Samples of MD vaccines manufactured by two companies (A and B) were received from a breeder company; samples were also received directly from vaccine company B. Using virus isolation tests, samples initially tested positive for subgroup E (endogenous) AL...

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an oncogenic virus causing hemangiomas and myeloid tumors in chickens. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional pro-inflammatory interleukin involved in many types of cancer. We previously demonstrated that IL-6 expression was induced following ALV-J infection in chickens. The aim of this study is to characterize the mechanism by which ALV-J induces I...

Action Language Verifier (ALV) is an infinite state model checker which specializes on systems specified with linear arithmetic constraints on integer variables. An Action Language specification consists of integer, boolean and enumerated variables, parameterized integer constants and a set of modules and actions which are composed using synchronous and asynchronous composition operators [3, 7]...

Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is a highly contagious retrovirus that causes tumors and has resulted in great economic loss worldwide owing to its high transmission rate. Various ALV viral subgroups exist, with infections occurring via specific host receptors. The susceptibility or resistance of avian species the ALV-A K determined by receptor, tumor locus A (tva) gene, while ALV-B depends o...

Action Language is a specification language for reactive software systems. In this paper, we present the syntax and the semantics of the Action Language and we also present an infinite-state symbolic model checker called Action Language Verifier (ALV) that verifies (or falsifies) CTL properties of Action Language specifications. ALV is built on top of the Composite Symbolic Library, which is a ...

In this study, polysaccharides from Grateloupia filicinia (GFP) were extracted and several low molecular weight (Mw) G. filicina polysaccharides (LGFPs) were prepared by the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) oxidation method. Additionally, the effect of different experimental conditions on the degradation of GFP was determined. Results showed that the GFP degradation rate was positively related to H₂O₂ ...