Acute patellar dislocations can result in patellar instability, pain, recurrent dislocations, decreased level of sporting activity, and patellofemoral arthritis. The initial management of a first-time traumatic patellar dislocation is controversial with no evidence-based consensus to guide decision making. Most first-time traumatic patellar dislocations have been traditionally treated nonoperat...

Existing heuristic search algorithms are not applicable to real-time applications because they cannot commit to a move before an entire solution is found. We present a special case of minimax lookahead search to handle this problem, and an analog of alpha-beta pruning that significantly improves the efficiency of the algorithm. In addition, we present a new algorithm, called Real-Time-A*, for s...

Dynamic programming can be very confusing until you’ve used it a bunch of times, so the best way to learn it is to simply do a whole bunch of examples. One way of viewing it is as a much more complicated version of divide-and-conquer a la mergesort or quicksort. In those cases, we could divide the problem into two subproblems, solve it optimally on each subproblem, and then combine the solution...