In Japanese, there is frequent alternation between CV morae and moraic geminate consonants. In this study, we analyzed the phonemic environments of consonant gemination (CG) using the “Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese (CSJ).” The results revealed that the environment in which gemination occurs is, to some extent, parallel to that of vowel devoicing. However, there are two crucial differences. One...

In spontaneous speech, speakers segment their speech into intonational phrases, and make repairs to what they are saying. However, techniques for understanding spontaneous speech tend to treat these events as noise, in the same manner as they handle out-of-grammar constructions and misrecognitions. In our approach, we advocate that these events should be explicitly modeled. We modify the speech...

This document gives a generalization on the alphabet size of themethod that is described inNicaud’s thesis for randomly generating complete DFAs. First, we recall some properties of m-ary trees and we give a bijection between the set of m-ary trees and the set K(m,n) of generalized tuples. We show that this bijection can be built on any total prefix order on . Then we give the relations that ex...

By developing some new analysis technique, we show that the following discrete single species model with feedback control and time delays is permanent.    N(n + 1) = N(n) exp  r(n) [ 1 − N 2 (n − m) k 2 (n) − c(n)u(n − η) ] , ∆u(n) = −a(n)u(n) + b(n)N(n − σ), where N(n) is the density of species, u(n) is the control variable, ∆ is the first-order forward difference operator ∆u(n) = u(n + 1...

In this paper we present a unified framework for constructing spectrally equivalent low-order-refined discretizations the high-order finite element de Rham complex. This theory covers diffusion problems in $H^1$, $H({\rm curl})$, and div})$, is based on combining low-order discretization posed refined mesh with basis N\'ed\'elec Raviart-Thomas elements that makes use of concept polynomial histo...

the aim of this work is to investigate the variational discretization and mixed finite element methods for optimal control problem governed by semi linear parabolic equations with integral constraint. the state and co-state are approximated by the lowest order raviart-thomas mixed finite element spaces and the control is not discreted. optimal error estimates in l2 are established for the state...